Index

Note: An italicized entry with a page number preceded by a c indicates a chart; a g indicates a graph; an m indicates a map; and a p indicates a photo.

A

• Aaron, Henry J., 370, p370
• ability-to-pay principle, 362
• absolute advantage, 443, p443
• ACH. See Automated Clearing House.
• acid rain, 66
• actual cash value, 524
• ACV. See actual cash value.
• ADC. See Aid to Dependent Children (ADC).
• advertising
  • in franchises, 202
  • nonprice competition and, 168
  • professional organizations and, 204
  • shifts in demand and, 87–88
• AFDC. See Aid to Families with
  • Dependent Children (AFDC).
• AFL. See American Federation of Labor.
• Africa, less developed countries in, 471
• African Americans, c224 , 344, p344, c536, g537
  • entrepreneurs, 115
  • poverty rate and, 346, c346 , 347
  • wage discrimination and, 224–226, g225, g226
• aggregate demand, 307–308, g307, g308 , 399
• aggregate supply, 306–307, g307, g308 , 313, 399
• agricultural marketing cooperatives, 203
• agriculture, g534
  • arable, 480
  • imports and exports, g535
  • location of production, 119–120
  • price supports and, 131, 145
  • in Soviet Union, 36–37, p36 , 491
  • subsistence, 472, 480
  • technology and, p474
• Aid to Dependent Children (ADC), c68
• Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), c68 , 69, c69 , 399
• Afghanistan, 487, 487c
• airline industry
  • deregulation of, 175, 176
  • oligopolies and, 170
  • targeted discounts and, 163, 164
• Alabama
  • energy consumption, g541
  • natural resources, m532–533
• Alaska
  • energy consumption, g541
  • natural resources, m532–533
• Albania, 471, p483
• allocation of resources, 62–66
  • externalities, 65–66, p65
  • public goods, 62–64
• Amazon.com , 293
• America Online, 293
• American Bar Association, 204
• American Federation of Labor (AFL), 229
• American Management Association, 204
• American Marketing Association, 204
• American Medical Association, 204
• American Revolution, 248
• American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T), 174, c175
• American Tobacco Company, 174
• annual percentage rate (APR), 514ȁ515
• Antifederalists, 250–251
• antitrust laws, 173, p173
• APEC. See Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation.
• appreciation, 459
• appropriations bills, 389
• APR. See annual percentage rate.
• arable land, 441, 480
• arbitration, 234
• Argentina, 404, m455 , 456, 488
• Arizona
  • energy consumption, g541
  • housing costs, g337
  • natural resources, m532–533
• Arkansas
  • energy consumption, g541
  • Federal Reserve district, m417
  • natural resources, m532–533
• Articles of Confederation, 248
• articles of partnership, 191
• Ash, Mary Kay, 97
• Asian Americans, 189, p189
• Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), 455, m455
• Assessment, 20–21, 46–47, 72–73, 98–99, 122–123, 146–147, 178–179, 206–207, 236–237, 266–267, 294–295, 326–327, 352–353, 382–383, 410–411, 436–437, 466–467, 496–497
• See also Self–assessment.
• assets, 192
• ATF. See Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF).
• Atlanta, Georgia, g337, m417
• Atlantic City, New Jersey, 97, p97
• ATM. See Automated Teller Machine. AT&T. See American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T).
• Australia
  • balanced trade and, 462
  • as developed nation, 471
  • national budget of, g547
  • per capita gross domestic product, 472, g473
  • population, 472
• Austria, g547
• authoritarian, 35
• Automated Clearing House (ACH), 264
• Automated Teller Machine (ATM), 225, 263, p263
• automatic stabilizers, 398–399
• automobiles
  • buying, 520–521
  • inflation and, c338
  • in Japan, 447
  • labor unions in manufacturing of, p228
  • pollution from, 118
  • price changes and, 94–95, p94
  • safety, 19, p19
  • supply curve and, 135–136
  • trade barriers and, 451
• automobile insurance, 525

B

• baby boomers, 87, 373, 408
• balanced budget, 376, 403, 404, 407, 408
• balanced budget amendment, 407
• balance of trade, 462–464, g463, c464
• Balkan nations, 487
• Baltimore, Maryland, m160 , 172
• Bangladesh, 471
• bank holding company, 421
• bank holiday, 255
• banking, 257
  • checking accounts, 504–505
  • before Civil War, 250–252, p250, p251
  • during Civil War, 253, p253
  • deregulation of, 175, 176, 256
  • developments in American, 250–256, c254
  • electronic, 263–264, p263
  • Free Banking era, 252, p252
  • Great Depression and, 255, p255 , 435
  • history, 415–416, p415
  • reforms, 255
  • regulating, 422
  • role of money in, 241
  • savings accounts, 259, 275, 506–510
  • services, 259–262
  • See also Federal Reserve System.
• Banking Act (1933), 435
• Bank of America, 257
• Bank of the United States, first and
  • Second, 251–252, 415
• bank run, 252, p255
• banks, 250
  • economic stability of, 58
  • examinations of, 422
  • Federal Reserve System and, 421–422
  • as financial intermediaries, 272

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