Connecting Concepts

Use Science Graphics

John Snow made a map similar to the one below to help him determine the source of the cholera outbreak in London. The dots represent the locations of people who died of cholera. The Xs represent pumps. Use the map to answer questions 31 and 32.

A physical map of London indicating cholera outbreak. The dots indicate the location of people who died because of cholera. The cross marks indicate the pumps.

  1. Infer Which pump do you think Snow determined was most likely the source of the cholera outbreak? Explain.

  2. Apply Concepts Do you think a map such as this one could be used to discover the source of a food poisoning outbreak? Explain.

Write About Science

  1. Explanation The ability of bacteria to resist antibiotics has become an increasing public health problem. This problem is due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Suppose that one of your friends always takes antibiotics when he or she is sick. Write a letter to your friend explaining the problem of antibiotic resistance.

  2. Assess the Explain how the germ theory of disease led people to develop very simple methods that could prevent the transmission of many diseases.

Analyzing Data

The graph shows the number of cases of the viral disease, polio, in the world from 1980 until 2004. It also shows the percentage of the world's population that was vaccinated for the disease.

A line graph indicating polio cases and percentage of people vaccinated worldwide.d

  1. Interpret Graphs During which of the following time periods was there the greatest drop in the number of polio cases around the world?

    1. between 1980 and 1982

    2. between 1984 and 1988

    3. between 1988 and 1996

    4. between 1996 and 2004

  2. Draw Conclusions Which of the following is the most reasonable conclusion to draw from the data shown in the graph?

    1. As the number of people vaccinated increases, the number of polio cases stays constant.

    2. As the number of people vaccinated increases, the number of polio cases has increased.

    3. As the number of people vaccinated increases, the number of polio cases has decreased.

    4. Polio has been eliminated as a disease, and vaccination is no longer necessary.

End ofPage 1032

Table of Contents

Miller & Levine Biology
About the Authors
Changing the World of Biology Education
Contents
Diversity of Life: A Visual Guide DOL•1–DOL•64
Labs and Activities
Features
UNIT 1 The Nature of Life
1 The Science of Biology
2 The Chemistry of Life
Unit Project
UNIT 2 Ecology
3 The Biosphere
4 Ecosystems and Communities
5 Populations
6 Humans in the Biosphere
Unit Project
UNIT 3 Cells
7 Cell Structure and Function
8 Photosynthesis
9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
10 Cell Growth and Division
Unit Project
UNIT 4 Genetics
11 Introduction to Genetics
12 DNA
13 RNA and Protein Synthesis
14 Human Heredity
15 Genetic Engineering
Unit Project
UNIT 5 Evolution
16 Darwin's Theory of Evolution
17 Evolution of Populations
18 Classification
19 History of Life
Unit Project
UNIT 6 From Microorganisms to Plants
20 Viruses and Prokaryotes
21 Protists and Fungi
22 Introduction to Plants
23 Plant Structure and Function
24 Plant Reproduction and Response
Unit Project
UNIT 7 Animals
25 Introduction to Animals
26 Animal Evolution and Diversity
27 Animal Systems I
28 Animal Systems II
29 Animal Behavior
Unit Project
UNIT 8 The Human Body
30 Digestive and Excretory Systems
31 Nervous System
32 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems
33 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
34 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
35 Immune System and Disease
Unit Project
A Visual Guide to The Diversity of Life
HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE
THE TREE OF LIFE
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Appendices
Appendix A Science Skills
Appendix B Lab Skills
Appendix C Technology & Design
Appendix D Math Skills
Appendix E Periodic Table
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q, R
S
T
U
V
W
X, Y, Z
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Credits
Go to previous page Go to next page