Deserts, 113
Detritivores, 71, 74, 782
Detritus, 782
Deuterostomes, 739
Devonian Period, 561, 759
Diabetes mellitus, 867, 886, 984, 1025
Dialysis, 887
Diaphragm, 966–967
Diarrhea, 881
Diastolic pressure, 953
Diatoms, 603, 604
Dicer enzyme, 380–381
Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT), 161, 169
Dichotomous key, 511
Dicots, 652–653, 669, 675, 677, 706–707
Diet, balanced, 872–873
Differentiation, 381–382. See also Cell differentiation
Diffusion, 208–211, 218, 787
Digestion
Digestive system, human, 737, 864, 875–881
Digestive tract, 739, 784–785
Dihybrid cross, 317
Dikika Baby, 769, 773
Dinoflagellates, 611
Dinosaurs, 520, 548, 550, 762–763, 830
Diphtheria, 586
Diploid cells, 323–328
Diploid (2N) phase, 637
Directional selection, 489
Disaccharides, 46, 869
Diseases
of animals, 622
autoimmune, 1025
bacterial, 586–588, 1010–1011
circulatory system, 957–961
emerging, 590–592, 1022–1023
genetic, 947, 961, 973
infectious, 23, 1010–1023
intestinal, 615
of plants, 622
and public health, 1021
sexually transmitted (STDs), 994, 1012
and transgenic organisms, 430
viral, 588–589, 994, 1010–1011
Disruptive selection, 489
Distribution of populations, 131
Dittmer, Howard, 669
Diversity, 21. See also Biodiversity
of chordates, 731, 757–764
ecosystem, 166
and extinction, 548
genetic, 166–168, 820
of invertebrates, 730, 753–756
species, 166, 168
Djimdoumalbaye, Ahounta, 773
DNA, 18, 23, 48, 340–354. See also Human heredity
and cell size, 274, 276
chromosomes, 279–280
and classification, 521–522, 529
components of, 344–345
crossing-over, 484, 499
DNA fingerprinting, 433–434, 440, 443
DNA microarray, 432
DNA polymerase, 351, 404, 423
DNA replication, 281, 350–353, 374–375, 424–425
double-helix model of, 347–348
in eukaryotic cells, 193, 352–353
evolution of, 554–555
extraction, 354, 403
functions of, 342–343
and genetic disorders, 398
as genetic material, 340–341
and hominine evolution, 771
manipulating, 403–405
mtDNA, 434
mutation rates in, 498–499
and privacy, 437
in prokaryotic cells, 193, 352–353
recombinant, 421–425, 430
and RNA, 362–365
sequencing, 404–409
Domains, 525–528
Dominance
Dominant alleles, 310–312, 318, 394
Dopamine, 904–905
Dormancy, plant, 706–707, 714, 847
Double fertilization, 700–701
Double Helix, The, 346
Double-helix model, 347–348
Double-loop circulatory systems, 792–793
Down syndrome, 401
Drip irrigation, 162
Drosophila melanogaster, 318, 323, 328, 361, 382, 387, 490, 501
Drug addiction, 904–905
Dry forests, 112
Dunkleosteus, 759
Duodenum, 878
Dwarfism, 430, 982
Dynamic interaction. See Interdependence
E
E. coli, 377, 383, 421, 572–573, 581
Ears, 911
Earth
Earthworms, 755, 792
Ebola, 1013, 1023
Echinoderms, 739, 756–757, 810, 815
Echocardiography, 962
Ecological pyramids, 77–78
Ecology, 23, 64–65
case studies, 175–179
defined, 65
disturbance of, 76, 80, 106–109
ecological footprint, 173–174
ecological hot spot, 171
ecological succession, 106–109
global, 22
methods of studying, 68
and sustainability, 157, 174
Ecosystems, 65. See also Aquatic ecosystems
Ectoderm, 738, 997
Ectotherm, 829–830
Edema, 956
Ediacaran fauna, 753
Egg, 325, 825. See also Reproductive system, human
Ejaculation, 990
Elbow, 932
Electric currents, 813