16.1 Darwin's Voyage of Discovery

Understand Key Concepts

1. Who observed variations in the characteristics of plants and animals on different islands of the Galápagos?

   1. James Hutton

   2. Charles Lyell

   3. Charles Darwin

   4. Thomas Malthus

2. In addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called

   1. fossils.

   2. adaptations.

   3. homologies.

   4. vestigial structures.

3. What pattern of variation did Darwin observe among rheas, ostriches, and emus?

4. What connection did Darwin make between the Galápagos tortoises and their environments?

Think Critically

5. Apply Concepts Explain what the term evolution means, and give an example.

6. Relate Cause and Effect Why was Darwin's trip aboard the Beagle so important to his development of the theory of natural selection?

7. Infer Why was Darwin puzzled by the fact that there were no rabbits in Australia?

16.2 Ideas That Shaped Darwin's Thinking

Understand Key Concepts

8. Which of the following ideas proposed by Lamarck was later found to be incorrect?

   1. Acquired characteristics can be inherited.

   2. All species are descended from other species.

   3. Living things change over time.

   4. There is a relationship between an organism and its environment.

9. Which of the following would an animal breeder use to increase the number of cows that give the most milk?

   1. overproduction

   2. genetic isolation

   3. acquired characteristics

   4. artificial selection

10. What accounts for the presence of marine fossils on mountaintops?

11. How did Lyell's Principles of Geology influence Darwin?

12. According to Malthus, what factors limit population growth? Why did Malthus's ideas apply to other organisms better than they did to humans?

13. What is artificial selection? How did this concept influence Darwin's thinking?

Think Critically

14. Relate Cause and Effect A sunflower produces many seeds. Will all the seeds grow into mature plants? Explain your answer.

    

15. Evaluate Explain why Lamarck made a significant contribution to science even though his explanation of evolution was wrong.

16.3 Darwin Presents His Case

Understand Key Concepts

16. An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is called a(n)

    1. vestigial structure.

    2. adaptation.

    3. speciation.

    4. analogous structure.

17. How well an organism survives and reproduces in its environment can be described as its

    1. fitness.

    2. homologies.

    3. common descent.

    4. analogies.

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