Facilitated diffusion, 209–211
FAD (flavine adenine dinucleotide), 256
FADH2, 256
Fallopian tubes, 991, 993
Family, 513
Farmer, 655
Fast-twitch muscle, 933
Fats, 250–251, 870, 873
Fat-soluble vitamins, 871
Fatty acids, 47–48
Feathers, 762
Feces, 881
Feedback inhibition, 732, 865, 986
Female cone, 648
Female reproductive system, 991–993. See also Reproductive system, human
Fermentation, 252, 262–263, 265–266
Ferns, 638, 644–645
Fertilization, 325, 995–996. See also Reproduction
Fertilizers, 84, 86, 717
Fetal development, 999
Fetus, 998
Fever, 1015
Fiber, 869
Fibrinogen, 954
Fibrous root system, 669
Fight or flight response, 983
Filter feeders, 782
Filtration of blood, 884
Fins, 759
Fish, 500, 757, 759–761
brains of, 811
circulatory systems of, 792
excretion in, 795–796
fertilization in, 821–822
ghost, 33
jawless, 759
respiratory systems of, 788
Fishapod, 761
Fitness, 461. See also Natural selection
Flagella, 199, 581, 607
Flagellates, 607
Flame cells, 796
Flatworms, 755, 783, 794, 796, 810, 812
Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD), 256
Fleming, Alexander, 1021
Flowering plants, 650–654, 696–703
Flowers, 646, 650–651
and hormones, 708
and meristems, 668
and photoperiod, 713
and pollinators, 552
structure of, 696–697
Fluid mosaic model, 205
Fluorescence microscopy, 191, 291
Folic acid, 997
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), 983, 988–989, 991–993
Follicular phase, 992
Food, 868
allergies, 1025
chains, 73–76
and digestive system, 875–881
and energy, 250, 868
and fats, 250–251, 873
genetically modified, 437–438
labels, 872–873
nutrients in, 869–673
webs, 74–76
Food vacuole, 612
Forensics, 433
Forensic scientist, 322
Forests, 109, 112, 114, 159
Forster, Georg, 917
Fossil fuels, 82, 178
Fossil preparator, 559
Fossils, 453, 538–545
adaptive radiations in, 550
anthropoid, 774
of birds, 763
Cambrian, 753, 758–759
chordate, 757–759, 761–762
classification of, 546
and continental drift, 545
dating, 541
Ediacaran fauna, 753
of eggs and embryos, 752
and evolutionary theory, 466–467
hominine, 768–769, 773
index, 540
microfossils, 555
of plants, 636, 638, 646, 652
trace, 752
types of, 538–539
Founder effect, 490, 496
Four-chambered heart, 793
Frameshift mutations, 373
Franklin, Rosalind, 346–349
Fraternal twins, 996
Freshwater ecosystems, 118–119
Freshwater resources, 160–162
Frogs, 383, 600, 735, 761, 818, 848
Fronds, 644
Frontal lobe, 903
Fructose, 46
Fruit, 651, 704
Fruit flies, 318, 323, 328, 361, 382, 387, 490
Fruiting body, 619
Fungi, 523–524, 527, 618–626, 1010