Angiosperms 
KEY CHARACTERISTICS
Angiosperms are plants that bear seeds in a closed ovary. The ovary is part of a reproductive organ known as a flower. Seeds are formed in a double fertilization event, which forms a diploid embryo and a triploid endosperm tissue. As seeds mature, ovaries develop into fruits that help to disperse the seeds.
Organization True roots, stems, and leaves
Movement Adults stationary; within pollen grains, male gametophytes drift in air or are carried by animals to female structures, where they release sperm that move to eggs.
Water Transport Through vascular tissue
Reproduction Sexual, with alternation of generations; also asexual. The sporophyte stage is dominant. Female gametophytes live within the parent sporophyte. Pollen carries sperm to eggs, so open water is not needed for fertilization.
A Southern Long-Nosed Bat pollinates the Saguaro Cactus, Carnegia gigantea, while collecting nectar from its blossoms.
• A Closer Look
Whatever Happened to Monocots and Dicots?
Traditionally, flowering plants have been divided into just two groups, monocots and dicots, based on the number of seed leaves in their embryos. Today, however, molecular studies have shown that the dicots aren't really one group. Some of the most primitive flowering plants (like Amborella) are dicots, and so are some of the most advanced flowering plants, while the monocots fall right in between. So, while monocots are indeed a single group, the term dicots is now just an informal, though still useful, grouping.
Table of Contents
- Formulas and Equations
- Applying Formulas and Equations
- Mean, Median, and Mode
- Estimation
- Using Measurements in Calculations
- Effects of Measurement Errors
- Accuracy
- Precision
- Comparing Accuracy and Precision
- Significant Figures
- Calculating With Significant Figures
- Scientific Notation
- Calculating With Scientific Notation
- Dimensional Analysis
- Applying Dimensional Analysis