The combined genetic information of all members of a particular population forms a

1. gene pool.

2. niche.

3. phenotype.

4. population.

Mutations that improve an individual's ability to survive and reproduce are

1. harmful.

2. neutral.

3. beneficial.

4. chromosomal.

Traits, such as human height, that are controlled by more than one gene are known as

1. single-gene traits.

2. polygenic traits.

3. recessive traits.

4. dominant traits.

Explain what the term allele frequency means. Include an example illustrating your answer.

Explain why sexual reproduction is a source of genetic variation.

Explain what determines the number of phenotypes for a given trait.

What is lateral gene transfer?

Define evolution in genetic terms.

Compare and Contrast Which kind of mutation has the greater potential to affect the evolution of a population: a mutation to a body cell or a mutation in an egg cell? Explain.

Apply Concepts Explain how natural selection is related to phenotypes and genotypes.

Apply Concepts Explain how natural selection is related to individuals and populations.

Relate Cause and Effect How does genetic recombination affect genetic variation?

The type of selection in which individuals of average size have greater fitness than small or large individuals have is called

1. disruptive selection.

2. stabilizing selection.

3. directional selection.

4. neutral selection.

If coat color in a rabbit population is a polygenic trait, which process might have produced the graph below?

1. disruptive selection

2. stabilizing selection

3. directional selection

4. genetic equilibrium

A random change in a small population's allele frequency is known as

1. a gene pool

2. genetic drift

3. variation

4. fitness

What is fitness in genetic terms?

How do stabilizing selection and disruptive selection differ?

What is genetic equilibrium? In what kinds of situations is it likely to occur?

Compare and Contrast Distinguish between the ways in which natural selection affects single-gene traits and the ways in which it affects polygenic traits. How are phenotype frequencies altered in each case?

Infer In a certain population of plants, flower size is a polygenic trait. What kind of selection is likely to occur if environmental conditions favor small flowers?