Standardized Test Prep

Multiple Choice

1. Polyploidy may instantly produce new types of organisms that are larger and stronger than their diploid relatives in

   1. animals.

   2. plants.

   3. bacteria.

   4. fungi.

2. Which of the following characteristics does NOT apply to a plasmid?

   1. made of DNA

   2. found in bacterial cells

   3. has circular loops

   4. found in animal cells

3. To separate DNA fragments from one another, scientists use

   1. polymerase chain reaction.

   2. DNA microarrays.

   3. gel electrophoresis.

   4. restriction enzymes.

4. Restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules

   1. into individual nucleotides.

   2. at random locations.

   3. at short sequences specific to each type of enzyme.

   4. into equal-sized pieces.

5. The expression of thousands of genes at one time can be followed using

   1. polymerase chain reaction.

   2. plasmid transformation.

   3. restriction enzymes.

   4. DNA microarrays.

6. Genetically engineered crop plants can benefit farmers by

   1. reducing the amount of land that is required to grow them.

   2. introducing chemicals into the environment.

   3. increasing an animal's resistance to antibiotics.

   4. changing the genomes of other crop plants.

7. Genetic markers allow scientists to

   1. clone animals.

   2. separate strands of DNA.

   3. synthesize antibiotics.

   4. identify transformed cells.

Questions 8–9

The graph below shows the number of accurate copies of DNA produced by polymerase chain reaction.

d

8. What can you conclude about cycles 18 through 26?

   1. PCR produced accurate copies of template DNA at an exponential rate.

   2. The amount of DNA produced by PCR doubled with each cycle.

   3. The DNA copies produced by PCR were not accurate copies of the original DNA template.

   4. The rate at which PCR produced accurate copies of template DNA fell in later cycles.

9. Based on the graph, which of the following might have happened between cycles 26 and 28?

   1. PCR stopped producing accurate copies of the template.

   2. The rate of reaction increased.

   3. All of the template DNA was used up.

   4. A mutation occurred.

Open-Ended Response

10. Why are bacteria able to make human proteins when a human gene is inserted in them with a plasmid?

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