evolutionary, 516–520
family, 513
of fossils, 546
of fungi, 621
genus, 512
Linnaean system, 513–515
order, 513
phylum, 514
of prokaryotes, 580–581
of protists, 602–604
three-domain system, 524–528
Climax communities, 108–109
Closed circulatory systems, 792
Clotting, blood, 955
Cocaine, 904
Cocci, 582
Cochlea, 911
Codons, 366–367
Coelom, 738
Coenzyme A, 256
Coevolution, 551–552
Collagen, 863
Collenchyma, 667
Colon, 881
Colorblindness, 395
Commensalism, 104
Companion cells, 666
Competition, ecological
Competitive exclusion principle, 101
Complementary strands, 350
Complex carbohydrates, 47
Compound microscope, 26
Compounds, chemical, 36–38
Computed Tomography Angiography, 962
Conditioning. See also Animal behavior
Cones (of eye), 913
Coniferous forests, 114
Connective tissue, 863
Conservation, 162, 170–171, 176. See also Resources, natural
Constipation, 881
Consumers, 71–72
Continental drift, 544–545
Continental shelf, 121
Contour plowing, 160
Contractile vacuole, 198
Control group, 7
Convergent evolution, 551
Cork, 190
Cornea, 912
Corn smut, 622
Corpus callosum, 902
Corpus luteum, 993
Cortex, 670
Corticosteroids, 983
Cortisol, 983
Coughing, 1012
Courtship behavior, 848
Cowpox, 1020
C4 plants, 241
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM), 241
Creatine supplements, 261
Creativity, 10
Cretinism, 985
Creutzfeld-Jacob Disease, 597
Crocodilians, 762
Cro-Magnons, 772
Crop rotation, 160
Cross-pollination, 309
Crutzen, Paul J., 175
Cycles
Cyclic AMP (cAMP), 981
Cytochrome c, 471
Cytokinins, 710
Cytotoxic T cells, 1019
Dart, Raymond, 773
Darwin, Francis, 709
Data, 8
Decibels (dB), 910
Decomposition, 622
Deforestation, 159
Democritus, 34
Demographic transition, 144
Demography, 143. See also Population growth
Dendrites, 897
Denitrification, 84
Density-dependent limiting factors, 137–141
Deoxyribonucleic acid. See DNA
Dependent variable, 7
De Puydt, Marcel, 773
Dermis, 937
Desertification, 159