28 Assessment

28.1 Response

Understand Key Concepts

  1. Information received from the environment that causes an organism to respond is called a

    1. response.

    2. stimulus.

    3. reaction.

    4. trigger.

  2. The simplest nervous systems are called

    1. cephalopods.

    2. motor neurons.

    3. nerve nets.

    4. sensory neurons.

  3. In vertebrates, the part of the brain that coordinates body movements is the

    1. olfactory lobe.

    2. optic lobe.

    3. cerebrum.

    4. cerebellum.

  4. The arrows in this diagram are pointing to which structures?

    Nervous system of an Anthropod - Straight structure with arrows pointing towards dots in the straight structure.

    1. ganglia

    2. brains

    3. nerve nets

    4. motor neurons

  5. What two major trends in the evolution of the nervous system do invertebrates exhibit?

  6. In general, how do the brains of mammals compare with the brains of other vertebrates? What is the significance of that difference?

  7. What kinds of environmental stimuli are some animals capable of sensing that humans cannot sense?

Think Critically

  1. Compare and Contrast List the three major types of neuron and compare their roles.

  2. Apply Concepts Suppose a pet dog is having difficulty coordinating its movements. Why might a veterinarian X-ray the dog's brain?

28.2 Movement and Support

Understand Key Concepts

  1. Which of the following animals uses a hydrostatic skeleton to move?

    1. arthropod

    2. sponge

    3. fish

    4. annelid

  2. An arthropod's exoskeleton performs all of the following functions EXCEPT

    1. production of gametes.

    2. protection of internal organs.

    3. support of the animal's body.

    4. prevention of loss of body water.

  3. Vertebrates have endoskeletons made of

    1. chitin.

    2. cartilage and/or bone.

    3. calcium carbonate.

    4. bone only.

  4. Muscles generate force

    1. only when they lengthen.

    2. only when they shorten.

    3. when they lengthen or shorten.

    4. all the time.

  5. How do a fish's muscles function when the fish swims?

Think Critically

  1. Compare and Contrast List two advantages and two disadvantages of exoskeletons and endoskeletons.

  2. Apply Concepts The diagrams below show a type of skeletal system found in invertebrates. What is the name for this type of skeleton? Describe how it functions.

    Skeleton system of two invertebrates are illustrated as below: With circular muscles contracted. With longitudinal muscles contracted.

End ofPage 834

Table of Contents

Miller & Levine Biology
About the Authors
Changing the World of Biology Education
Contents
Diversity of Life: A Visual Guide DOL•1–DOL•64
Labs and Activities
Features
UNIT 1 The Nature of Life
1 The Science of Biology
2 The Chemistry of Life
Unit Project
UNIT 2 Ecology
3 The Biosphere
4 Ecosystems and Communities
5 Populations
6 Humans in the Biosphere
Unit Project
UNIT 3 Cells
7 Cell Structure and Function
8 Photosynthesis
9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
10 Cell Growth and Division
Unit Project
UNIT 4 Genetics
11 Introduction to Genetics
12 DNA
13 RNA and Protein Synthesis
14 Human Heredity
15 Genetic Engineering
Unit Project
UNIT 5 Evolution
16 Darwin's Theory of Evolution
17 Evolution of Populations
18 Classification
19 History of Life
Unit Project
UNIT 6 From Microorganisms to Plants
20 Viruses and Prokaryotes
21 Protists and Fungi
22 Introduction to Plants
23 Plant Structure and Function
24 Plant Reproduction and Response
Unit Project
UNIT 7 Animals
25 Introduction to Animals
26 Animal Evolution and Diversity
27 Animal Systems I
28 Animal Systems II
29 Animal Behavior
Unit Project
UNIT 8 The Human Body
30 Digestive and Excretory Systems
31 Nervous System
32 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems
33 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
34 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
35 Immune System and Disease
Unit Project
A Visual Guide to The Diversity of Life
HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE
THE TREE OF LIFE
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Appendices
Appendix A Science Skills
Appendix B Lab Skills
Appendix C Technology & Design
Appendix D Math Skills
Appendix E Periodic Table
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q, R
S
T
U
V
W
X, Y, Z
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Credits
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