29.1 Elements of Behavior

Understand Key Concepts

1. The way an organism reacts to stimuli in its environment is called

   1. behavior.

   2. learning.

   3. conditioning.

   4. imprinting.

2. A decrease in response to a stimulus that neither rewards nor harms an animal is called

   1. instinct.

   2. operant conditioning.

   3. habituation.

   4. classical conditioning.

3. Insight learning is common among

   1. dogs.

   2. primates.

   3. birds and insects.

   4. birds only.

4. Many complex behaviors combine innate behavior with learning. Which of these behaviors is shown below?

   

   1. insight learning

   2. imprinting

   3. classical conditioning

   4. operant conditioning

5. Animal behaviors can evolve through natural selection because

   1. what an animal learns is incorporated into its genes.

   2. all behavior is completely the result of genes.

   3. all behavior is completely the result of environmental influences.

   4. genes that influence behavior that increases an individual's fitness can be passed on to the next generation.

6. A behavior that appears in its fully functional form the first time an animal performs it is

   1. learned.

   2. habituated.

   3. imprinted.

   4. innate.

7. Describe an example of a stimulus and a corresponding response in animal behavior.

8. What is the brain's role in an animal's response to a stimulus?

9. How can habituation contribute to an animal's survival?

10. Describe Pavlov's experiment. What is this type of learning called?

11. What is operant conditioning?

Think Critically

12. rong> A baby smiles when her mother comes near. Often, the baby is picked up and cuddled as a result of smiling. Explain what type of learning the baby is showing.

13. Apply Concepts Explain how a racehorse's ability to win races is a combination of inherited and learned behaviors.

14. Pose Questions Choose a kind of animal with which you are familiar. Think of three questions about that animal's behavior that you might ask. Then describe the observations you would need to make in order to answer the questions.

29.2 Animals in Their Environments

Understand Key Concepts

15. A threatening behavior with which an animal exerts dominance over another is

    1. migration.

    2. courtship.

    3. habituation.

    4. aggression.

16. Each year, a bird called the American redstart travels from its winter home in South America to its nesting area in New York. This behavior is called

    1. migration.

    2. competition.

    3. imprinting.

    4. courtship.

17. Which of the following is NOT a type of social behavior?

    1. operant conditioning

    2. territoriality

    3. hunting in a pack

    4. courtship

---

End ofPage 854