33.1 The Circulatory System

Understand Key Concepts

1. The circulatory system includes the

   1. lungs, heart, and brain.

   2. lungs, blood vessels, and heart.

   3. heart, blood, and blood vessels.

   4. heart, arteries, and veins.

2. The upper chambers of the heart are the

   1. ventricles.

   2. septa.

   3. myocardia.

   4. atria.

3. Blood leaving the heart for the body passes through a large blood vessel called the

   1. aorta.

   2. vena cava.

   3. pulmonary vein.

   4. pulmonary artery.

4. Compare pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.

5. Trace the flow of blood through the heart starting with the right atrium.

6. What is the function of valves in the heart? In what other structures of the circulatory system are valves found?

7. Describe the function of the pacemaker.

8. Describe how the heart beats.

9. Compare the size and structure of arteries, capillaries, and veins.

10. Distinguish between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.

Think Critically

11. Design an Experiment Design an experiment that determines the amount of time needed for a person's heart rate to return to an at-rest rate after exercise.

12. Draw Conclusions Some large veins have one-way valves, which keep blood flowing in one direction. Why don't arteries need similar valves?

33.2 Blood and the Lymphatic System

Understand Key Concepts

13. Cells that protect the body by engulfing foreign cells or producing antibodies are

    1. red blood cells.

    2. cilia.

    3. platelets.

    4. white blood cells.

14. Nutrients and wastes are exchanged with body cells through the walls of

    1. veins.

    2. capillaries.

    3. arteries.

    4. atria.

15. The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen is called

    1. hemoglobin.

    2. fibrinogen.

    3. prothrombin.

    4. thrombin.

16. The process shown below is made possible by plasma proteins and cell fragments called

    • fibrins.

    • thrombins.

    • platelets.

    • lymphocytes.

      

17. Describe the functions of each major component in blood.

18. What are the primary functions of the lymphatic system?

19. Why is LDL known as “bad” cholesterol? Why is HDL known as “good” cholesterol?

Think Critically

20. cepts Why would a person with a low red blood cell count feel tired?

21. Infer Aspirin reduces the clot-forming ability of the blood. Why would a doctor prescribe aspirin for someone who has had a stroke?

22. Predict Explain how the removal of someone's lymph nodes can affect his or her ability to fight disease.