Standardized Test Prep

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following disorders can be observed in a human karyotype?

   1. colorblindness

   2. trisomy 21

   3. cystic fibrosis

   4. sickle cell disease

2. Which of the following disorders is a direct result of nondisjunction?

   1. sickle cell disease

   2. Turner's syndrome

   3. Huntington's disease

   4. cystic fibrosis

3. A woman is homozygous for A⁻ blood type. A man has AB⁻ blood type. What is the probability that the couple's child will have type B⁻ blood?

   1. 0%

   2. 50%

   3. 75%

   4. 100%

4. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by a

   1. single base substitution in the gene for hemoglobin.

   2. deletion of an amino acid from a chloride channel protein.

   3. defective gene found on the X chromosome.

   4. trisomy of chromosome 21.

5. The technique used to separate DNA strands of different lengths is

   1. gel electrophoresis.

   2. shotgun sequencing.

   3. restriction enzyme digestion.

   4. bioinformatics.

6. The study of whole genomes, including genes and their functions, is called

   1. bioinformatics.

   2. information science.

   3. life science.

   4. genomics.

7. DNA can be cut into shorter sequences by proteins known as

   1. haplotypes.

   2. polymerases.

   3. restriction enzymes.

   4. restriction fragments.

Questions 8–9

A student traced the recurrence of a widow's peak hairline in her family. Based on her interviews and observations, she drew the pedigree shown below.

8. Which pattern of inheritance is consistent with the pedigree?

   1. sex-linked inheritance

   2. complete dominance

   3. codominance

   4. multiple alleles

9. What are the probable genotypes of the student's parents?

   1. Mother—Ww; Father—ww

   2. Mother—ww; Father—ww

   3. Mother—WW; Father—Ww

   4. Mother—Ww; Father—Ww

Open-Ended Response

10. Explain how the allele for sickle cell disease, which is a harmful allele when a person is homozygous, can be beneficial when a person is heterozygous.

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