Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of plants?

1. eukaryotic cells

2. cell walls containing chitin

3. multicellular structure

4. chlorophyll

The first land plants likely evolved from

1. protists.

2. green algae.

3. mosses.

4. red algae.

Two gases that plants must exchange are

1. oxygen and nitrogen.

2. carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

3. oxygen and carbon dioxide.

4. carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

Recent changes in the classification of the plant kingdom are based on

1. studies comparing DNA sequences.

2. comparison of physical structures.

3. differences and similarities in life cycles.

4. whether or not a plant uses seeds to reproduce.

Give the term for the process shown below. Then describe what this term means.

d

List the features biologists use to distinguish among the major plant groups.

Infer As its name indicates, the barrel cactus is shaped like a barrel and has no leaves. Given the basic needs of plants, explain why this shape is an advantage for a plant that survives where very little water is available.

Draw Conclusions If all you know about a particular plant is that it lives virtually all of its life as a multicellular haploid organism, what can you conclude about the kind of plant it is?

Under unfavorable conditions, the green alga Chlamydomonas reproduces by forming a

1. haploid zygote.

2. multicellular sporophyte.

3. diploid zygote.

4. multicellular gametophyte.

The dominant stage of a moss is the

1. sporophyte.

2. protonema.

3. archegonium.

4. gametophyte.

Water is carried upward from the roots to every part of a vascular plant by

1. cell walls.

2. phloem.

3. cuticle.

4. xylem.

The leaves of ferns are called

1. sori.

2. fronds.

3. rhizomes.

4. spores.

Give two examples of colonial green algae and briefly describe their structure.

Describe two ways that a lack of lignin limits the height of bryophytes.

In the life cycle of a moss, what environmental conditions are necessary for fertilization?

What is a sporangium?

What are tracheids? What is their function in a vascular plant?

How was the ability to produce lignin significant to the evolution of plants?

Compare the structure and function of rhizomes, rhizoids, and roots.

Describe a fern gametophyte.

Compare and Contrast Moss plants are small, but ferns can grow as tall as small trees. Explain why this is so.

Apply Concepts A friend of yours lives in one of the desert areas of New Mexico and wants to grow a garden of bryophytes. What environmental conditions would your friend need to provide the garden for it to be successful?