23.5 Transport in Plants

Understand Key Concepts

  1. The rise of water in a tall plant depends on capillary action and

    1. osmosis.

    2. evaporation.

    3. nutrient transport.

    4. transpirational pull.

  2. The pressure-flow hypothesis explains

    1. water movement in xylem.

    2. water and nutrient movement in phloem.

    3. water and nutrient movement in xylem.

    4. water movement in phloem.

  3. Attraction between water molecules and other substances is

    1. adhesion.

    2. capillary action.

    3. transpiration.

    4. cohesion.

  4. What is the main function of phloem?

  5. What are source cells and sink cells?

Think Critically

  1. Relate Cause and Effect Would transpirational pull be stronger on a hot, humid day or on a hot, dry day? Explain.

  2. Apply Concepts Why are maple trees tapped for their sugar in the early spring rather than in the summer or autumn?

Connecting Concepts

Use Science Graphics

Use the graph to answer questions 38–40.

A graph of transpiration and water intake rate against time.d

  1. Analyze Data During which span of time is the greatest amount of water lost through transpiration?

  2. Analyze Data About how many grams of water are lost every two hours when the transpiration curve is at its highest peak?

  3. Draw Conclusions What is the relationship between transpiration and water intake?

Write About Science

  1. Explanation Explain how the cells in the vascular tissue of a root are specialized for transport of water and minerals.

  2. Assess the Describe how several different tissue types in a leaf work together to support a functioning plant organ.

Analyzing Data

A scientist selects a single three-year-old birch tree to study growth patterns. She inserts a nail into the trunk 1.0 m above ground level. At intervals over the next 15 years, she measures the total height of the tree and the circumference of the tree at the point where the nail is sticking out. She records the results, which are shown here.

  1. Interpret Tables In which time interval was tree growth the greatest?

    1. 0 to 3 years

    2. 3 to 8 years

    3. 8 to 13 years

    4. 13 to 18 years

      d

  2. Calculate What was the average growth in the height of the tree from sprouting to age 18?

    1. 0.2 meters per year

    2. 0.5 meters per year

    3. 1.0 meters per year

    4. 2.0 meters per year

End ofPage 692

Table of Contents

Miller & Levine Biology
About the Authors
Changing the World of Biology Education
Contents
Diversity of Life: A Visual Guide DOL•1–DOL•64
Labs and Activities
Features
UNIT 1 The Nature of Life
1 The Science of Biology
2 The Chemistry of Life
Unit Project
UNIT 2 Ecology
3 The Biosphere
4 Ecosystems and Communities
5 Populations
6 Humans in the Biosphere
Unit Project
UNIT 3 Cells
7 Cell Structure and Function
8 Photosynthesis
9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
10 Cell Growth and Division
Unit Project
UNIT 4 Genetics
11 Introduction to Genetics
12 DNA
13 RNA and Protein Synthesis
14 Human Heredity
15 Genetic Engineering
Unit Project
UNIT 5 Evolution
16 Darwin's Theory of Evolution
17 Evolution of Populations
18 Classification
19 History of Life
Unit Project
UNIT 6 From Microorganisms to Plants
20 Viruses and Prokaryotes
21 Protists and Fungi
22 Introduction to Plants
23 Plant Structure and Function
24 Plant Reproduction and Response
Unit Project
UNIT 7 Animals
25 Introduction to Animals
26 Animal Evolution and Diversity
27 Animal Systems I
28 Animal Systems II
29 Animal Behavior
Unit Project
UNIT 8 The Human Body
30 Digestive and Excretory Systems
31 Nervous System
32 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems
33 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
34 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
35 Immune System and Disease
Unit Project
A Visual Guide to The Diversity of Life
HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE
THE TREE OF LIFE
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Appendices
Appendix A Science Skills
Appendix B Lab Skills
Appendix C Technology & Design
Appendix D Math Skills
Appendix E Periodic Table
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q, R
S
T
U
V
W
X, Y, Z
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Credits
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