Think Critically

  1. Infer A skin callus is a thickening of the epidermis caused by repeated rubbing. Why do people often get calluses on their feet?

  2. Predict As people age, the rate at which new skin cells are produced slows down, but the rate at which skin cells are shed does not. What effect do you think this has on a person's skin?

  3. Relate Cause and Effect People with albinism have little pigment in their skin, hair, or eyes. Albinism is usually a genetically recessive disease that inhibits cells from producing a particular chemical. What chemical do you think is lacking in people with albinism? Explain.

Connecting Concepts

Use Science Graphics

  1. Infer Because cartilage does not appear on X-ray film, it is seen as a clear area between the shaft and the ends of bones. Examine the X-rays. Which hand belongs to the youngest person? Explain.

    A picture showing the X-rays of hands of four different people.

Write About Science

  1. Explanation Severe burns of large areas of the skin can be a life-threatening injury. Develop a paragraph that explains the greatest risks these burn patients face.

  2. Compare and Contrast Support and movement are the basic functions of the skeletal, muscular, and integumentary systems. In a paragraph, compare these three body systems with similar structures of a building. For example, which body system has the same function as the girders of a building? Of the walls? How are they similar? How are they different? (Hint: To get started, you may want to list shared characteristics.)

  3. Assess the Recall what you learned about the bones of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Compare examples of specific skeletal parts, such as backbones or forelimbs. Relate the bones to the way each animal moves.

Analyzing Data

The UV (ultraviolet) index is a rating system developed by the Environmental Protection Agency. The goal of the index is to inform the public about the level of UV radiation to expect on a given day. Higher numbers indicate higher levels of UV radiation. The table shows the average UV indexes for various cities in the United States.

  1. Interpret Data A person visiting which of the following cities would need to be the most careful about his or her level of sun exposure?

    1. Honolulu in winter

    2. Anchorage in summer

    3. Atlanta in winter

    4. St. Louis in summer

      A table indicating average ultra violet index values for selected locations.d

  2. Form a Hypothesis Develop a hypothesis that could explain the relationship between geography and average UV index values.

End ofPage 944

Table of Contents

Miller & Levine Biology
About the Authors
Changing the World of Biology Education
Contents
Diversity of Life: A Visual Guide DOL•1–DOL•64
Labs and Activities
Features
UNIT 1 The Nature of Life
1 The Science of Biology
2 The Chemistry of Life
Unit Project
UNIT 2 Ecology
3 The Biosphere
4 Ecosystems and Communities
5 Populations
6 Humans in the Biosphere
Unit Project
UNIT 3 Cells
7 Cell Structure and Function
8 Photosynthesis
9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
10 Cell Growth and Division
Unit Project
UNIT 4 Genetics
11 Introduction to Genetics
12 DNA
13 RNA and Protein Synthesis
14 Human Heredity
15 Genetic Engineering
Unit Project
UNIT 5 Evolution
16 Darwin's Theory of Evolution
17 Evolution of Populations
18 Classification
19 History of Life
Unit Project
UNIT 6 From Microorganisms to Plants
20 Viruses and Prokaryotes
21 Protists and Fungi
22 Introduction to Plants
23 Plant Structure and Function
24 Plant Reproduction and Response
Unit Project
UNIT 7 Animals
25 Introduction to Animals
26 Animal Evolution and Diversity
27 Animal Systems I
28 Animal Systems II
29 Animal Behavior
Unit Project
UNIT 8 The Human Body
30 Digestive and Excretory Systems
31 Nervous System
32 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems
33 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
34 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
35 Immune System and Disease
Unit Project
A Visual Guide to The Diversity of Life
HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE
THE TREE OF LIFE
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Appendices
Appendix A Science Skills
Appendix B Lab Skills
Appendix C Technology & Design
Appendix D Math Skills
Appendix E Periodic Table
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q, R
S
T
U
V
W
X, Y, Z
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Credits
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