1. The main source of heat for an ectotherm is

    1. its high rate of metabolism.

    2. the environment.

    3. its own body.

    4. its food.

  2. Endotherms

    1. control body temperature through behavior.

    2. control body temperature from within.

    3. obtain heat from outside their bodies.

    4. have relatively low rates of metabolism.

  3. How do endocrine glands help regulate body activities?

  4. What is the function of the immune system?

  5. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of ectothermy and endothermy.

  6. What does current evidence suggest about the evolution of endothermy?

Think Critically

  1. Apply Concepts What two body systems interact to deliver hormones to the organs they affect? Describe how this interaction takes place.

  2. Form a Hypothesis Birds and mammals live in both warm and cold biomes, but most reptiles and amphibians live in relatively warm biomes. Form a hypothesis that would explain this difference.

Connecting Concepts

Use Science Graphics

Use the diagram to answer questions 35 and 36.

An embryo in an egg structure. Portion surrounding the embryo marked 'A'. A balloon like shape marked 'B'.

  1. Interpret Visuals What is the function of the membrane labeled A?

  2. Infer What is membrane B? What is the function of the structure it surrounds?

Write About Science

  1. Explanation Write a paragraph in which you compare the brain of a fish to the brain of a mammal. In your paragraph, identify the main parts of the brain and compare and contrast their structures and functions in the two animals. (Hint: Before you write, construct a Venn diagram that compares the two brains.)

  2. Assess the Give an example of how the nervous system of an ectotherm could initiate behavior that would help the animal regulate its internal temperature.

Analyzing Data

The following table shows the mass of the heart as a percentage of total body mass for humans and three types of birds.

A Table shows comparison of Mass of Heart with the Body Mass.ddd

  1. Interpret Tables Which animal has the largest heart in proportion to its body mass?

  2. Draw Conclusions Based on the data, what general conclusion can you draw about the relative heart sizes of humans and birds?

  3. Form a Hypothesis Form a hypothesis that could explain your conclusion. (Hint: Consider the different energy needs of humans and birds.)

End ofPage 836

Table of Contents

Miller & Levine Biology
About the Authors
Changing the World of Biology Education
Contents
Diversity of Life: A Visual Guide DOL•1–DOL•64
Labs and Activities
Features
UNIT 1 The Nature of Life
1 The Science of Biology
2 The Chemistry of Life
Unit Project
UNIT 2 Ecology
3 The Biosphere
4 Ecosystems and Communities
5 Populations
6 Humans in the Biosphere
Unit Project
UNIT 3 Cells
7 Cell Structure and Function
8 Photosynthesis
9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
10 Cell Growth and Division
Unit Project
UNIT 4 Genetics
11 Introduction to Genetics
12 DNA
13 RNA and Protein Synthesis
14 Human Heredity
15 Genetic Engineering
Unit Project
UNIT 5 Evolution
16 Darwin's Theory of Evolution
17 Evolution of Populations
18 Classification
19 History of Life
Unit Project
UNIT 6 From Microorganisms to Plants
20 Viruses and Prokaryotes
21 Protists and Fungi
22 Introduction to Plants
23 Plant Structure and Function
24 Plant Reproduction and Response
Unit Project
UNIT 7 Animals
25 Introduction to Animals
26 Animal Evolution and Diversity
27 Animal Systems I
28 Animal Systems II
29 Animal Behavior
Unit Project
UNIT 8 The Human Body
30 Digestive and Excretory Systems
31 Nervous System
32 Skeletal, Muscular, and Integumentary Systems
33 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
34 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems
35 Immune System and Disease
Unit Project
A Visual Guide to The Diversity of Life
HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE
THE TREE OF LIFE
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Appendices
Appendix A Science Skills
Appendix B Lab Skills
Appendix C Technology & Design
Appendix D Math Skills
Appendix E Periodic Table
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q, R
S
T
U
V
W
X, Y, Z
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Credits
Go to previous page Go to next page