Scientists working in the field, or in a laboratory, like those in Figure 10, are trained to use safe procedures when carrying out investigations. Laboratory work may involve flames or hot plates, electricity, chemicals, hot liquids, sharp instruments, and breakable glassware.
Whenever you work in your science laboratory, it's important for you to follow safety precautions at all times. Before performing any activity in this course, study the rules in the Science Safety section of the Skills Handbook. Before you start any activity, read all the steps. Make sure that you understand the entire procedure, especially any safety precautions that must be followed.
The single most important rule for your safety is simple: Always follow your teacher's instructions and the textbook directions exactly. If you are in doubt about any step in an activity, always ask your teacher for an explanation. Because you may be in contact with chemicals you cannot see, it is essential that you wash your hands thoroughly after every scientific activity. Remember, you share responsibility for your own safety and that of your teacher and classmates.
Figure 10 Safety plays an important role in science. Interpreting Photos What safety measures are these scientists taking in their laboratory work?
Reviewing Concepts
What is the goal of scientific methods?
How does a scientific law differ from a scientific theory?
Why are scientific models useful?
What are three types of variables in a controlled experiment?
Does every scientific method begin with an observation? Explain.
Critical Thinking
Classifying The scientists who tested the hypothesis on running in the rain performed only one controlled experiment that supported their hypothesis. Can their supported hypothesis be called a theory? Explain.
Designing Experiments Suppose you wanted to find out how running affects your pulse rate. What would your hypothesis be? Explain how you could test your hypothesis.
Using Models A scientific model can takethe form of a physical object or a concept. List one example of each type of model. How does each one resemble what it is supposed to model?
Descriptive Paragraph Write a paragraph describing two examples of pseudoscience. Use your examples to explain why pseudoscience is not actual science.