CHAPTER 6 Study Guide

6.1 Ionic Bonding

Key Concepts

• When the highest occupied energy level of an atom is filled with electrons, the atom is stable and not likely to react.

• Some elements achieve stable electron configurations through the transfer of electrons between atoms. An ionic bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

• The properties of an ionic compound can be explained by the strong attractions among ions within a crystal lattice.

Vocabulary

electron dot diagram, p. 158

ion, p. 159

anion, p. 160

cation, p. 160

chemical bond, p. 160

ionic bond, p. 160

chemical formula, p. 161

crystals, p. 162

6.2 Covalent Bonding

Key Concepts

• The attractions between the shared electrons and the protons in each nucleus hold the atoms together in a covalent bond.

• When atoms form a polar covalent bond, the atom with the greater attraction for electrons has a partial negative charge. The other atom has a partial positive charge.

• The type of atoms in a molecule and its shape are factors that determine whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar.

• Attractions between polar molecules are stronger than attractions between nonpolar molecules.

Vocabulary

covalent bond, p. 166

molecule, p. 166

polar covalent bond, p. 168

6.3 Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas

Key Concepts

• The name of an ionic compound must distinguish the compound from other ionic compounds containing the same elements. The formula of an ionic compound describes the ratio of the ions in the compound.

• The name and formula of a molecular compound describe the type and number of atoms in a molecule of the compound.

Vocabulary

polyatomic ion, p. 172

6.4 The Structure of Metals

Key Concepts

• The cations in a metal form a lattice that is held in place by strong metallic bonds between the cations and the surrounding valence electrons.

• The mobility of electrons within a metal lattice explains some of the properties of metals.

• Scientists can design alloys with specific properties by varying the types and amounts of elements in an alloy.

Vocabulary

metallic bond, p. 176

alloy, p. 178

Thinking Visually

Concept Map Use information from the chapter to complete the concept map below.

dd

Table of Contents