the energy an object has due to its motion (pp. 71, 447)

a wide belt beyond Pluto's orbit where objects mostly made of ice and rock orbit the sun (p. 815)

a local wind that occurs when cooler air over land moves toward water (p. 757)

a device that generates a beam of coherent light (p. 560)

magma that flows over Earth's surface (p. 671)

a high, level region of hardened lava (p. 696)

law stating that the total electric charge in an isolated system is constant; electric charge is never created or destroyed (p. 602)

law stating that the total momentum of a system does not change if no net force acts on the system (p. 376)

law stating that in rock layers that are undisturbed, younger rocks lie above older rocks, and the oldest rocks are at the bottom (p. 733)

the straight-line distance between two points (p. 16)

an object made of any thin, transparent material that has one or two curved surfaces that can refract light (p. 576)

a rigid bar that is free to move around a fixed point (p. 428)

an upward force due to a pressure difference between the top and bottom of a wing (p. 396)

a sudden naturally occurring electrical discharge in the atmosphere (p. 770)

the distance that light travels in a vacuum in a year, about 9.5 trillion kilometers (p. 834)

a graph in which the displayed data form a straight line (p. 347)

the state of matter in which a material has a definite volume but not a definite shape (p. 69)

a layer of relatively cool, rigid rock that includes the uppermost part of the mantle as well as Earth's crust (p. 662)

a wind that blows over a short distance (p. 757)

a deposit formed from windblown dust (p. 724)

a wave in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels (p. 502)

the process by which ocean waves move sand along a shore (p. 729)

a physical response to the intensity of sound, modified by physical factors (p. 515)

a description of an object that gives off its own light (p. 558)

the way a mineral's surface reflects light (p. 667)

a device that changes a force (p. 417)

a mixture of molten rock and gases, including water vapor, which forms underground (p. 671)

pocket in which magma collects before a volcanic eruption (p. 691)

a region that has a large number of atoms with aligned magnetic fields (p. 632)

a field in a region of space that exerts magnetic forces; a field produced by magnets, by changing electric fields, or by moving charges (pp. 533, 631)

the force a magnetic field exerts on a magnet, on a ferromagnetic material, or on a moving electric charge (p. 630)

a region on a magnet where the force produced by the magnet is strongest (p. 630)

the area surrounding Earth that is influenced by Earth's magnetic field (p. 632)

a diagonal band on the H-R diagram, which represents about 90% of all stars (p. 839)

the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering (p. 46)

the variable that causes a change in another variable (p. 8)

a thick layer of hot but solid rock beneath Earth's crust (p. 662)

the low, flat plains of basalt on the moon formed by ancient lunar lava flows (p. 797)

the amount of matter in an object (p. 16); a measure of the inertia of an object, which depends on the amount of matter the object contains (p. 365)

a boundary between geologic eras when many different kinds of organisms became extinct within a relatively short time (p. 735)

the downward movement of rock and soil due to gravity, including landslides, mudflows, creep, and slumping (p. 712)

the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom (p. 110)