movement in relation to a frame of reference (p. 329)
a source of energy that can be replaced in a relatively short period of time (p. 463)
the opposition to the flow of electric charges in a material (p. 605)
the response of a standing wave to another wave of the same frequency, with dramatic increase in amplitude of the standing wave (p. 521)
a variable that changes in response to a change in the manipulated variable (p. 8)
the vector sum of two or more vectors (p. 331)
the inner surface of the back of the eye, containing light-sensitive nerve endings (p. 589)
a chemical reaction in which the conversion of reactants into products and the conversion of products into reactants happens at the same time (p. 217)
the movement of one body around another (p. 752)
a disk made of many small particles of rock and ice in orbit around a planet (p. 811)
a solid combination of minerals or other materials (p. 665)
a series of processes in which rocks continuously change from one type to another (p. 674)
light-sensitive neurons in the retina that detect low-intensity light and distinguish black, white, and gray (p. 589)
a friction force that acts on rolling objects, caused by the change in shape at the point of rolling contact (p. 360)
the spinning of a planet or moon on its axis (p. 752)
water that flows over Earth's surface (p. 706)
S
- salinity
the proportion of dissolved salts in water (p. 725)
- salt
an ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a base (p. 244)
- saltation
movement of particles such as sand carried by water or wind in a series of little leaps (p. 714)
- saturated hydrocarbon
a hydrocarbon in which all of the bonds are single bonds (p. 264)
- saturated solution
a solution that contains as much solute as the solvent can normally hold at a given temperature (p. 236)
- saturated zone
the region beneath Earth's surface where pore spaces are entirely filled with groundwater (p. 707)
- scattering
a process by which light is redirected as it passes through a medium (p. 549)
- science
a system of knowledge about the natural world and the methods used to find that knowledge (p. 3)
- scientific law
a statement that summarizes a pattern found in nature (p. 9)
- scientific method
an organized plan used for gathering, organizing, and communicating information (p. 7)
- scientific notation
a way of expressing a value as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10 (p. 14)
- scientific theory
a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental results (p. 9)
- screw
an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder (p. 431)
- sea breeze
a local wind that occurs when cooler air over the water flows toward the land (p. 757)
- sea-floor spreading
the process by which new oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges, as older crust moves away (p. 678)
- secondary color
new color that results when any two of the primary colors are combined (p. 552)
- sediment
small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or living organisms (p. 672)
- sedimentary rock
rock that forms over time as sediment is squeezed and cemented together (p. 672)
- seismic waves
vibrations that carry the energy released during an earthquake (p. 684)
- seismograph
a device that can detect and record seismic waves (p. 687)
- semiconductor
a crystalline solid that conducts electric current only under certain conditions (p. 621)
- series circuit
an electric circuit with only one path through which charge can flow (p. 610)
- shield volcano
a wide, relatively flat volcano that results from quiet eruptions of low-viscosity lava (p. 693)
- significant figures
all the digits in a measurement that are directly measured, plus the last digit, which is estimated (p. 19)
- silicate
a rock made of compounds of silicon and oxygen, generally containing metals such as alluminum, iron, or calcium (p. 661)
- sill
a structure formed when magma hardens in a crack parallel to existing rock layers (p. 696)
- single-replacement reaction
a chemical reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound (p. 202)
- sinkhole
a hole that results when erosion weakens a layer of limestone, causing portions of the ground to suddenly collapse (p. 717)
- sliding friction
a friction force that opposes the motion of an object as it slides over a surface (p. 359)
- Page 918
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