CHAPTER 22 Assessment

Reviewing Content

Choose the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement.

1. The lithosphere includes the crust and portions of the

   • mantle.

   • asthenosphere.

   • mesosphere.

   • outer core.

2. The layer of Earth consisting of weak, soft rock that can flow easily is called the

   • crust.

   • core.

   • lithosphere.

   • asthenosphere.

3. Which of the following properties is NOT useful in identifying a mineral?

   • size

   • cleavage

   • density

   • hardness

4. The way that the surface of a mineral reflects light is called

   • density.

   • hardness.

   • luster.

   • streak.

5. Sedimentary rocks that form from the broken fragments of other rocks are called

   • chemical rocks.

   • organic rocks.

   • intrusive rocks.

   • clastic rocks.

6. A long, deep depression in the ocean floor is called a

   • mid-ocean ridge.

   • trench.

   • caldera.

   • batholith.

7. What type of plate boundary occurs when two plates move away from each other?

   • divergent

   • convergent

   • transform

   • subduction

8. Which type of earthquake wave moves the fastest?

   • surface wave

   • S wave

   • P wave

   • transverse wave

9. The location inside Earth where an earthquake begins is called the

   • fold.

   • epicenter.

   • focus.

   • hot spot.

10. Magma that hardens in a pipe of a volcano may form a

    • volcanic neck.

    • sill.

    • batholith.

    • dike.

Understanding Concepts

11. What is the major difference between Earth's inner and outer cores?

12. Use the table below to choose two tests that you would perform to distinguish gold from pyrite and chalcopyrite. Describe how you would perform each test.

    Mineral Characteristics
    Mineral	Gold	Pyrite	Chalcopyrite
    Color	Rich yellow	Light yellow	Rich yellow
    Density (g/cm3)	19.3	5.0	4.3
    Hardness	2.5–3.0	6.0–6.5	3.5–4.0
    Streak	Yellow	Greenish black	Greenish black

13. Which of the following is a mineral: coal, brick, talc, and granite?

14. What is the difference between an intrusive rock and an extrusive rock?

15. How do metamorphic rocks form?

16. What is continental drift?

17. What evidence is there for sea-floor spreading?

18. What is the importance of convection currents in the theory of plate tectonics?

19. What determines the viscosity of magma?

20. How do hot-spot volcanoes form?

21. Sometimes water is considered a mineral and sometimes it is not. Explain.

22. Coquina is a rock made of fragments of small shells cemented together. What type of rock is coquina?

23. What is the major difference between Wegener's original hypothesis of continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics? How are they similar?

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