CHAPTER 3 Assessment

Reviewing Content

Choose the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement.

1. Which state of matter has a definite volume but a variable shape?

   • solid

   • liquid

   • gas

   • vapor

2. In which state(s) of matter can materials take the shape of their containers?

   • solid and liquid

   • solid and gas

   • liquid and gas

   • liquid only

3. Which statement is true about the atoms in helium gas?

   • They travel in circular paths.

   • They have strong attractions to one another.

   • They are not closely packed.

   • They are arranged in an orderly pattern.

4. If the speed of an object increases, its kinetic energy

   • decreases.

   • increases.

   • stays the same.

   • is unpredictable.

5. The SI unit of pressure is the

   • pascal.

   • newton.

   • square meter.

   • psi.

6. Increasing which variable would decrease the pressure of a contained gas?

   • temperature

   • number of particles

   • boiling point

   • volume

7. Boyle's law relates pressure and

   • temperature.

   • number of particles.

   • volume.

   • mass.

8. Which of the following changes is exothermic?

   • evaporation

   • freezing

   • boiling

   • sublimation

9. The phase change that is the reverse of vaporization is

   • freezing.

   • melting.

   • condensation.

   • evaporation.

10. Which of these phase changes does NOT involve changing a liquid into a gas?

    • sublimation

    • vaporization

    • evaporation

    • boiling

Understanding Concepts

11. Provide an example of each of the three states of matter that exist at room temperature.

12. Compare and contrast liquid water and ice in terms of how definite their shapes and volumes are.

13. What three assumptions about particles in a gas are made by the kinetic theory?

14. Using the kinetic theory, explain why a liquid has a definite volume but a gas does not.

15. How do the way that atoms are arranged in liquid mercury and solid copper affect the movement of mercury and copper atoms?

    

16. Using the kinetic theory, explain what causes gas pressure.

17. What three factors affect the pressure of a gas in a closed container?

18. If a piston moves downward in a cylinder, what happens to the volume and pressure of the gas in the cylinder? The temperature remains constant.

19. What happens to the speed of the particles inside an air-filled balloon if the temperature of the balloon increases?

20. Using the kinetic theory, explain why the pressure of a gas increases when its temperature increases.

21. How are the pressure and volume of a gas related?

22. How does an endothermic phase change differ from an exothermic phase change?

23. Compare the vapor pressure of water at 10°C with its vapor pressure at 50°C.

24. Explain why water has a different boiling point at an elevation of 3000 meters than it does at sea level.

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