Acknowledgments

Staff Credits

The people who made up the Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action team—representing design services, editorial, editorial services, market research, marketing services, education technology, production services, project office, and publishing processes—are listed below. Bold type denotes the core team members.

Leann Davis Alspaugh, Neil Benjamin, Barbara Bertell, Suzanne Biron, Diane Braff, Kristen Cetrulo Braghi, Kenneth Chang, Jonathan D. Cheney, Todd Christy, Bob Craton, Kathleen J. Dempsey, Frederick Fellows, Jonathan Fisher, Kathryn Fobert, Paul Gagnon, Julia Gecha, Robert Graham, Ellen Welch Granter, Susan Hutchinson, Judie Jozokos, Kelly Kelliher, Dotti Marshall, Tim McDonald, Terri Mitchell, Jen Paley, Caroline M. Power, Siri Schwartzman, Malti Sharma, Emily Soltanoff, Jennifer Teece

Additional Credits

Ann Bekebrede, Frances Jenkins, Matt Walker

The DK Designs team who contributed to Prentice Hall Physical Science: Concepts in Action were as follows: Samantha Borland, Marian Broderick, Carole Curcie, Richard Czapnik, Nigel Duffield, Cynthia Frazer, James A. Hall, Rose Horridge, Heather Jones, Anthony Limerick, David Lloyd, Marie Osborn, Leyla Ostovar, Ralph Pitchford, Pamela Shiels, Andrew Szudek

Maps

Maps and globes on pages 880–887 were created by DK Cartography. The team consisted of Tony Chambers, Damien Demaj, Julia Lunn, Ed Merritt, David Roberts, Ann Stephenson, Gail Townsley, and Iorwerth Watkins.

Illustration

Leann Davis Alspaugh: 223; DK Picture Library: 487, 517, 581, 584, 621, 662, 668, 677, 680, 682, 691, 693, 705, 706, 715, 727, 736–737, 750, 752ml, 752bl, 754, 758, 767, 768, 779, 796–797, 803, 804tl, 804m, 805, 822–823, 834, 843, 846–847, 853, 888–889; Stephen Durke: 802; Paul Gagnon: 4; Gene Givan: 234, 272, 289; Ellen Welch Granter: 16, 17, 22b, 23, 24b, 92, 134b, 150, 208l, 208r, 215, 221, 469, 470, 542, 543, 558, 559, 563, 564, 566, 567r, 775; Graph/fix: Bruce Cowie: 130b, 358, 361, 396, 413, 418, 431, 480, 481, 482, 491b, 512, 571, 674, 675, 685, 704b, 765b, 804tr; J/B Woolsey Associates: 131, 132–133, 134t, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 153, 155, 161t; George Kelvin: 259, 343, 601, 605, 606, 609, 632, 633, 636, 638, 639, 643, 647; George Ladas: 336, 337, 343; Matt Mayerchak: 2, 7, 14, 22t, 100t, 108, 113, 126, 130t, 139, 152, 158, 165, 170, 176, 186, 192, 199, 206, 212, 216, 222, 292, 298, 303, 308t, 318, 356, 363, 372, 378, 384, 390, 394, 400t, 406r, 412t, 417, 421t, 427, 440, 446, 453, 462, 468, 474, 479, 486t, 494, 500, 504t, 508, 514t, 526, 570t, 574, 580, 588, 594, 660, 664, 670, 676, 684, 690, 704t, 709, 713, 719, 725, 732, 752t, 774, 778, 794, 800, 807, 814, 822, 832; Morgan-Cain & Associates: 20, 29, 30, 31, 65, 85b, 88, 97, 123l, 123r, 127, 159t, 159b, 160, 161b, 162, 164, 166t, 166b, 168t, 168b, 169, 171, 172t, 172b, 173, 175, 177, 187, 188l, 188r, 224, 225, 229, 230, 231, 237, 263, 264, 294–295, 296, 299t, 308l, 309, 310, 311, 319, 320, 321, 359, 368, 376, 380, 381, 382, 385, 387, 391, 395b, 397, 400b, 401, 406l, 407, 408, 409, 419, 428, 441, 442, 443l, 471, 475t, 475b, 478, 486b, 489, 490, 492, 496, 497, 501, 502, 503, 504b, 505, 507, 509t, 511, 516, 527, 528, 529, 570l, 572bl, 572br, 573tl, 573tr, 575t, 576l, 576r, 577t, 577m, 577b, 578, 584b, 585, 589, 590, 592, 595, 596l, 596r, 597, 686, 689, 701, 743, 757, 776, 791, 817, 827, 829, 836, 857b, 863, 864, 865, 869, 869, 875bl, 877, 878, 883, 885, 886–887, 891; Jen Paley: 24t, 26, 28, 38, 41, 42, 45, 47, 54, 60, 62, 64, 68, 71, 72t, 75, 78l, 84, 94, 96, 109, 112, 117, 119, 120, 154, 167, 184, 189, 197, 293, 299b, 357, 377, 383, 386, 392, 395t, 405, 421b, 433, 438, 439, 443r, 463, 476, 479b, 491t, 493, 509b, 514b, 515, 532, 539, 546, 550, 567l, 575b, 667, 676, 697b, 699, 700, 720, 734–735b, 742, 746, 747, 755t, 755b, 759, 760, 765t, 766, 769, 787, 790, 808, 815, 828, 833b, 838, 840, 844, 850, 856t, 860, 862, 875ml, 875tr, 875mr, 880tl, 880bl, 880mr, 880br; Precision Graphics: 44, 46, 69, 70, 72, 77, 78r, 89, 95, 100b, 102, 103, 104, 121, 122, 193, 194, 207, 217, 230, 258, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 273, 274, 276, 279, 282, 331, 430, 432, 533, 534, 536, 537, 538, 540, 541, 548, 663, 678, 679, 682, 686, 707, 710, 712, 714, 720, 723, 728, 729, 733, 734t, 748, 753, 770, 780–781, 833t, 839, 839, 842, 848, 856b, 857t, 858; www.TrevorJohnston.com: 8, 85t; courtesy of USGS: 785; XNR Productions Inc.: 697t

Cover design Maria Keogh/Kokopelli Design Studio, Inc.;

Cover photo Tom Sanders/Aerial Focus

Photo research Paula Wehde

Dorling Kindersley picture research done in London, England, by Cynthia Frazer and Marie Osborn; Dorling Kindersley illustrations done by Richard Bonson, KJA. Artists.com, and Martin Sanders in London, England.

Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Pearson Education, Inc.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd)

Front Matter

i, ii, Tom Sanders; iv (B) ©Fukuhara Inc./Corbis; vi (TL) Photo Researchers, Inc.; vii (B) Alain Nogues/Corbis; viii (B) Donald Miralle/Staff/Getty Images; x (B) ©Palenque/Fotolia; xi (TR) Brad Thompson/Fotolia; xiii (B) Breck P. Kent Natural History Photography; xv (B) Colin Keates/DK Images; xviii (C) Rosenfeld Images Ltd./Photo Researchers, Inc.

2 Jeff Gentner/©AP Images, (BC) Photo Researchers, Inc., (TR) Rosenfeld Images Ltd./Photo Researchers, Inc., (BL) Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 3 (B) ©AP Images, (TL) Courtesy of AT&T Archives and History Center, Warren, NJ, (B) M_G/Shutterstock, (TR, C) Ryan McVay/Getty Images; 4 (T) ©Emi Allen/ SuperStock, (BCL) ©Paul Seheult/Corbis, (CL) ©Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Source, (TCR) AP Photo/Chris O'Meara, (TR) John W. Bova/Photo Researchers, Inc., (L) Kevin Fleming/Corbis, (BR) Leland Bobbé/Corbis, (C) NASA, NASA/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 5 (B) Richard Berenholtz/Corbis; 6 Dennis MacDonald/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 7 (BR, B) Dennis MacDonald/PhotoEdit, Inc., (TR) Rosenfeld Images Ltd./Photo Researchers, Inc.; 9 (BR) Colin Cuthbert/Newcastle University/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 10 (T) ©The Boeing Company; 11 (TR) Steve Chenn/Corbis; 12 (BL) Jeremy Sutton Hibbert/Rex Features, Limited, (R) Rex Features, Limited; 13 (CR, BR) ©DK Images, (CC) Anna Clopet/Corbis; 14 (BL) Frank Zullo/Photo Researchers, Inc., (TR) Rosenfeld Images Ltd./Photo Researchers, Inc.; 16 (TL) Will Hart/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 17 (TR, T) ©Don Farrall/Getty Images, (B) C Squared Studios/Getty Images; 18 Jonathan Nourok/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 19 (CR) ©DK Images, (B) Tom Pantages; 21 (L) Baloncici/Shutterstock, (TR) Sally and Richard Greenhill Photo Library; 22 (TR) Rosenfeld Images Ltd./Photo Researchers, Inc.; 25 (TR) ©AP Images, (TL) Layne Kennedy/Corbis; 32 ©R. Wallace/Stock Photos/Corbis; 34 (TR) Blend Images/Alamy, (CL) Mark Richards/ PhotoEdit, Inc., (BR) Scott Speakes/Corbis, (BR) Jochen Tack/Alamy; 35 (BR) Bill Aron/PhotoEdit, Inc., (TR) Peter Beck/Corbis, (BL) Reuters/Corbis, (TL) The Image Works, Inc.; 36 National Geographic Image Collection/Alamy; 38 (T) National Geographic Image Collection/Alamy, (BL) Phil Banko/Corbis; 39 (BR) ©Lester V. Bergman/Corbis, (R, L, BC) Charles D. Winters/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 40 (CL) Bill Aron/PhotoEdit, Inc., (TL) Dave King/Courtesy of The Science Museum, London/©DK Images, (BL) Mark A. Schneider/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 41 (BL) Alexey V Smirnov/Shutterstock; 42 (CL) Fukuhara, Inc./Corbis; 43 (TR) Danylchenko Iaroslav/Shutterstock, (TC) Dennis MacDonald/PhotoEdit, Inc., (BL) Grafton Marshall Smith/Corbis; 44 (TL) Rachel Epstein/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 45 (TBR) E. J. Tarbuck, (T) National Geographic Image Collection/Alamy, (B) Ross Durant Photography/Getty Images; 46 (B) Araldo de Luca/Corbis; 47 (TR) Jeffrey Greenberg/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 48 (B) Pavel Klimenko/Fotolia; 49 (CR) Bridgeman Art Library, (TR) David Samuel Robbins/Himalayan Odyssey Tours; 50 (T) Eda Rogers; 51 (TR) Nancy Ney/Corbis, (C) Paul A. Souders/Corbis; 54 (BL) Michelle Garrett/Corbis, (T) National Geographic Image Collection/Alamy; 55 (B) Chinch Gryniewicz; Ecoscene/Corbis; 57 (TL) Grant Smith/Corbis, (TR) Pat Bruno/Positive Images, (BL) Charles D. Winters/Science Source, (BR) Souders Studios/Getty Images; 58 (T) ©Mike Rex/Alamy Images; 59 ©Richard Schultz/ Corbis; 63 (CR) C.C. Lockwood/Photoshot; 64 (TR) ©IndexStock/SuperStock;

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