Critical Thinking
Applying Concepts When shooting an arrow at a target, why is it advisable to aim above the bull's-eye rather than directly at it?
Inferring When a tennis player practices by hitting a ball against a wall, which of Newton's laws of motion is the player making use of?
Comparing and Contrasting The moon's gravity is only one sixth that of Earth's. Explain how the weight and mass of an object differ between the two locations.
Interpreting Graphs The graph below shows the relationship between the force acting on an object and the acceleration of the object. What is the acceleration of the object when a 3-newton force acts on it? What is the object's mass?
Comparing and Contrasting Consider two rocks with masses of 1 and 10 kilograms. What is the relation between their inertias? Between their masses? Between their weights on Earth?
Relating Cause and Effect During a fueleconomy test of a sports car, the car achieved more miles per gallon of gasoline when its convertible top was up. Explain how the convertible top being up or down is related to the car's fuel economy.
Applying Concepts What are the two ways in which the acceleration of an object can be increased?
Math Skills
Using Formulas A 100-kg crate, sliding on a floor, is brought to a stop by 25-N force. What is the deceleration of the crate?
Calculating What is the momentum of an 80-kg runner moving at the speed of 2.5 m/s?
Using Formulas What is the weight on Earth of a girl with a mass of 30 kg? The acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.8 m/s2.
Concepts in Action
Inferring Hovercraft, which move over water on a cushion of air, can achieve greater speeds than ordinary boats. Explain why this is possible.
Making Judgments Imagine that you have designed clothing for professional bicycle racers. How could you judge the effectiveness of the clothing at improving a racer's speed?
Designing an Experiment Explain how you could determine the force of static friction acting on a box that is resting on a rough floor.
Writing in Science Consider an automobile cruising at a constant speed on the highway. Write a paragraph summarizing the forces acting on the car. Be sure to include the force supplied by the engine and at least two types of friction acting on the car.
Performance-Based Assessment
Communicating Results Draw a cartoon that illustrates one of Newton's laws in an amusing way. You and your classmates might display your cartoons for the whole school to enjoy.
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