Figure 7 The more energy a wave has, the greater is its amplitude. A The amplitude of a transverse wave equals the distance to the highest point above the rest position. B This wave's amplitude is one half the amplitude of the wave in A. Applying Concepts Which wave has more energy?
If you drop a pebble into a pond, the wave is not very high. If you do a “cannonball” jump into the water, you know the wave will be much higher. These two waves have different amplitudes. The amplitude (AM pluh tood) of a wave is the maximum displacement of the medium from its rest position.
Figure 7 shows the amplitudes of two transverse waves in a rope. The amplitude of a transverse wave is the distance from the rest position to a crest or a trough. It takes more energy to produce a wave with higher crests and deeper troughs. The more energy a wave has, the greater is its amplitude.
How do you measure the amplitude of a longitudinal wave? In this case, the amplitude is the maximum displacement of a point from its rest position. The more energy the wave has, the more the medium will be compressed or displaced.
Reviewing Concepts
How is the vibration of the source related to a wave's frequency?
How is wavelength related to frequency for waves moving at a constant speed?
How is the energy of a wave related to its amplitude?
Describe two ways you could measure the wavelength of a longitudinal wave.
Describe how you measure the amplitude of a transverse wave.
Critical Thinking
Applying Concepts If a wave's period doubles, how does the wave's frequency change? (Hint: )
Designing Experiments Describe an experiment to measure the frequency of a longitudinal wave in a spring.
Predicting If you double the frequency of a wave, what is the effect on its wavelength (assuming speed does not change)?
wave on a rope has a frequency of 3.3 Hz and a wavelength of 1.2 m. What is the speed of the wave?
A spring toy vibrates at 2 Hz to produce a wave. What is the period of the wave?