Critical Thinking
Controlling Variables You can tell if your sister has a low fever by feeling her forehead with your hand. Can you detect your own fever with your hand? Explain why or why not.
Comparing and Contrasting How are conduction, convection, and radiation similar to one another? How are they different?
Applying Concepts Why would an engine be less efficient on Venus than on Earth? (Hint: On Venus, the surface temperature is 460°C.)
Predicting Just after a heating system turns on, what part of a room will be warmest? When the heat turns off and the radiators are cold, what part of the room will be warmest? Explain.
Math Skills
Use the following graph to answer Questions 28–30.
Using Graphs The same energy was added to each sample. Which material has the highest specific heat? Explain your answer.
Calculating The specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 J/g•°C and of iron is 0.45 J/g•°C. How much energy was absorbed by each 1-gram sample?
Posing Questions A friend infers from the graph that the temperature of a 10.0-g sample of iron would rise 110°C. What should she ask before using the graph this way?
Concepts in Action
Applying Concepts When you are outside on a cold winter day, which would you expect to be warmer, blood flowing toward your heart or blood flowing toward your fingers? Explain.
Using Analogies If you put a cover on a casserole at dinner, it will stay warm longer. In what way can this help you to explain why a calorimeter is more accurate if it is well insulated?
Formulating Hypotheses Some recipes say that while a pie is baking, aluminum foil should be put on the edges to keep the crust from burning. Hypothesize how the aluminum foil helps keep the crust from burning.
Making Judgments Suppose you try to heat an apartment using a portable heater in one of the rooms. Would a fan be helpful? Explain why or why not.
Inferring In a home heated only by solar energy, why is it especially important to have very good insulation?
Writing in Science Explain why a school might ask teachers to keep windows closed and the shades down during a heat wave.
Performance-Based Assessment
Making a Computer Presentation Make a computer slideshow presentation about conductors and insulators. Start by identifying various materials around your home as either good conductors or good insulators. Plan the organization of the slideshow. Finish the show with a summary table that classifies all of the materials in your presentation. Present your show to your class.
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