Photographs; 363 (C) ©Bettmann/Corbis, (B) ©The Granger Collection, NY, (TR) Bob Martin/Getty Images; 364 (TL) Bettmann/Corbis, (BR, BL) Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, (CL) Sheila Terry/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 365 (BR, BL) Insurance Institute for Highway Safety; 366 (C) ©Mercedes Benz/©DK Images; 369 (TR) ©AP Images, (TL) Bettmann/Corbis; 370 (R) Steve Fitchett/Getty Images; 371 (TR, CR, BL) David Wootton Photography; 372 (TR) Bob Martin/Getty Images, (BL) Joe McBride/Getty Images; 373 (R) Duomo/ Corbis; 374 (T) ©Doug Martin/Photo Researchers, Inc., (CR) Corbis, (L) Mary Evans Picture Library; 375 (BL) Bettmann/Corbis, (BR) Joyrides/Joe Schwartz, (CC) Macduff Everton/Corbis; 378 (TR) Bob Martin/Getty Images, (BL) Ludek Press/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 379 (BR) Michelle D. Bridwell/PhotoEdit, Inc., (TR) Tony Anderson/Getty Images; 388 ©Guy Grenier/ Masterfile Corporation; 390 (T) ©Guy Grenier/Masterfile Corporation, (B) Oleksii Sagitov/Shutterstock, (CL) Jonathan Nourok/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 391 (BR) Charles D. Winter/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 392 ©sciencephotos/Alamy Images; 394 (T) ©Guy Grenier/Masterfile Corporation; 395 (BL) moodboard/SuperStock; 396 (T) Firefly Productions/Corbis; 398 (R) Cameron Heryet/Getty Images; 400 (T) ©Guy Grenier/Masterfile Corporation; 402 (BL) Steve Kaufman/Corbis; 404 (T) Layne Kennedy/Corbis; 406 (TL) ©sciencephotos/Alamy Images; 410 Paul Chesley/ Getty Images; 412 (TR) Paul Chesley/Getty Images, (BL) Reuters/Corbis; 414 (B) ©David Grossman/The Image Works, Inc., (TL) Dennis MacDonald/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 416 (T) Kevin Fleming/Corbis, (CL) Tony Freeman/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 417 (R) David Buffington/Corbis, (TR) Paul Chesley/Getty Images; 418 (T) Tony Freeman/ PhotoEdit, Inc.; 420 (TL) Kevin Fleming/Corbis; 421 (TR) Paul Chesley/Getty Images; 422 (BL) ©Bettmann/Corbis, (BC) North Wind Picture Archives, (BR) Science & Society Picture Library; 423 (BR) Lambert/Stone/Getty Images, (CL, CC) Science & Society Picture Library; 424 (BL) Wolfgang Deuter/Corbis; 426 (TL) Michael Rosenfeld/Getty Images; 427 (B) ©Rube Goldberg Inc., (TR) Paul Chesley/Getty Images; 428 (C) Mattias Klum/Getty Images, (TR) Rob Crandall/ The Image Works, Inc.; 430 (BL) Neil Beer/Corbis; 431 (TR) Tina Manley/Alamy; 432 (TL) H. David Seawell/Corbis; 435 (TR) ©Fukuhara Inc./Corbis; 436 (T) DK Images; 437 (CR) John Kelly/Getty Images; 439 (TR) Getty Images; 444 David A. Northcott/Corbis; 446 (TR) David A. Northcott/Corbis, (BL) Accent Alaska.com/ Alamy; 447 (TR) David R. Frazier/Photo Researchers, Inc., (C) Michael Pohuski/ Getty Images, (B) Mike Powell/Getty Images; 448 (BL) Adamsmith/Getty Images; 449 ©Flirt/SuperStock; 450 (TR) CSA Images, (TL) Mark Thompson/Getty Images; 451 (R) zhu difeng/Fotolia, (B) Tom Stewart/Corbis; 452 (B) ©Myron Jay Dorf/Corbis, (T) ©Warren Faidley/Corbis; 453 (B) American Museum of Natural History, (TR) David A. Northcott/Corbis; 454 (T) Myron Jay Dorf/Corbis; 455 (T) Donald Miralle/Staff/Getty Images; 456 (TL) John W. Bova/Photo Researchers, Inc., (B) Alexander Sakhatovsky/Shutterstock; 457 (TR) Gilbert Iundt/TempSport/ Corbis; 459 (T) Topham/The Image Works, Inc.; 460 (R) Alchemy/Alamy; 461 (B) Detroit Publishing Co./Library of Congress, (CL) Premier Rides; 462 (TR) David A. Northcott/Corbis, (B) George Hunter/Getty Images; 463 (TR) David Parker/ Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 464 (B) ©Visions of America/ Joe Sohm/Getty Images, (TL) Charles Krebs/Corbis; 465 (TR) Dave King/©DK Images; 466 Jeff Clarke/Fotolia; 472 ©W.A. Sharman; Milepost 92 ?/Corbis; 474 (BL) ©The Granger Collection, NY, (TR) ©W.A. Sharman; Milepost 92 ?/ Corbis; 475 (B) Duncan Smith/Corbis, (TR) Jonelle Weaver/Getty Images; 479 (TR) ©W.A. Sharman; Milepost 92 ?/Corbis, (BR) Alfred Pasieka/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 480 (BL) Juliet Ferguson/Alamy, (T) Penina/Getty Images, (BR) Steve Cohen/Getty Images; 481 Philip Lewis/Alamy Images; 482 Johner Images/Alamy; 483 Geoffrey Wheeler/National Institute of Standards and Technology; 484 (C) BRE Global Limited; 486 (T) ©W.A. Sharman; Milepost 92 ?/Corbis; 491 (B) olivier/Shutterstock; 495 Insadco Photography RF/AGE Fotostock; 498 Peter Sterling/Getty Images; 500 (B) M. Timothy O'Keefe/ Photoshot, (T) Peter Sterling/Getty Images; 504 (T) Peter Sterling/Getty Images; 508 JoLin/iStockphoto, (T) Peter Sterling/Getty Images; 509 (BL) Timothy Mulholland/Alamy; 510 (TL) Fundamental Photographs, (TR) Richard Megna/ Fundamental Photographs; 512 (TL, CL) Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs; 513 (TL) ©Stephen Frink; 514 (T) Peter Sterling/Getty Images; 515 (B) C Squared Studios/Getty Images, (T) Martin Fox/PhotoLibrary Group, Inc.; 516 (TL) Darryl Torckler/Getty Images; 518 (BR) Clive Streeter/©DK Images, (BC) Dave King/DK Images, (BL) The Science Museum, London/DK Images; 519 (BL) Bettmann/Corbis, (CC) Corbis, (TC) Paul Fleet/Alamy; 520 (TR) ©DK Images, (CC) DK Images; 521 (TR) Talaske, Inc.; 522 (B) Randy Jolly/Corbis; 523 (BL) Alan Thornton/Getty Images; 530 (Bkgrd,) Andrew Woodley/Alamy Images; 532 (B) Rob Bartee/SuperStock; 536 (TL) Dave King/©DK Images; 539 (B) ©The Print Collector/Alamy Images; 541 (B) Image Source/Corbis, (T) Robert E. Daemmrich/Getty Images; 542 Spencer Grant/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 543 (TR, TL) FLIR Systems, Inc; 544 (BL) David Arky/Corbis; 545 (T) WDCN/Univ. College London/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 546 (B) ©Stephen Frink; 547 (B) Arthur Morris/ Corbis, (TL) C Squared Studios/Getty Images, (TR) Stockbyte/Getty Images; 548 (TL) ©Southern Illinois University/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 550 (BR) B Busco/ The Image Bank/Getty Images, (BL) Jerome Wexler/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 551 (TL) Dave King/Courtesy of The Science Museum, London/©DK Images; 552 (BL) Leonard Lessin/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 554 (B) ©DK Images; 555 (T) ©DK Images, (BCR) Tate Enterprises, Ltd; 556 (CR, BL) Volker Steger/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 557 (TR) ©1996 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Robert Woods Bliss. Photograph by Lorene Emerson./Image ©2003 Board of Trustees, National Gallery of Art, Washington, (CL) ©National Gallery, London, (CC) RAPHAEL/©National Gallery, London; 558 (L, B) ©David R. Frazier/Photo Researchers, Inc., (T) Andrew Woodley/Alamy Images; 559 (TR) Benjamin Simeneta/Alamy; 560 (BC) ©DK Images, (C) Dave King/©DK Images; 562 (TL, CL) Tony Freeman/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 565 PhotoEdit, Inc.; 568 David Frates/Positive Images; 570 (B) Andrey Tarantin/ Shutterstock, (TR) David Frates/Positive Images, (R) Kochneva Tetyana/ Shutterstock; 571 (TR) Ariel Skelley/Corbis; 574 (TR) David Frates/Positive Images; 576 (BL) Darwin Dale/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 577 (BR) Peter Finger/Corbis; 579 (TL) Stockbyte/Getty Images; 580 (BL) ©Richard Wainscoat/Alamy, (TR) David Frates/Positive Images; 582 (BR) Corbis, (L) Giraudon/Bridgeman Art Library, (CR) Science & Society Picture Library; 583 (CL) ©DK Images, (BC) Corbis, (R) Judith Collins/Alamy; 587 (TR) BSIP, Edwige/Photo Researchers, Inc., (TCR) Dave King/DK Images; 588 (BL) Dave Greenwood/Getty Images, (T) David Frates/Positive Images; 591 (B) ©DK Images, (TR, TCR) Paul Parker/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 598 Kent Wood/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 600 (TR) Kent Wood/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 602 (BL) ©DK Images, (CL) Andy Crawford/©DK Images; 607 (R) Fundamental Photographs; 608 (TL) Grantpix/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 609 (B) Dennis MacDonald/PhotoEdit, Inc.; 612 (B) Russ Lappa; 613 (R) Fundamental Photographs, (T) Stockbyte/Getty Images; 614 (BL) bigfishphoto-agent/Alamy Images, (C) Daisy Images/Alamy; 616 (TR) Lawrence Migdale/ Photo Researchers, Inc., (CL) Matthew Klein, (BL) NASA; 617 (L) Richard Lam/©AP Images; 618 (BL) Ephraim Ben-Shimon/Corbis, (BR) Michael Matisse/ Getty Images; 619 (TR) ©DK Images, (CR) DK Images, (B) Science & Society Picture Library; 620 (TR) Franka Bruns/©AP Images; 622 (T) Digital Vision/Getty Images; 626 ©Visions of America, LLC/Alamy, (CR) Getty Images; 628 Photoshot; 630 (TR) Photoshot, (BL) Reprinted by permission of Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.; 631 (T, C) Richard Megna/Fundamental Photographs, (CR, BR) Spencer Grant/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 634 (TR) WavebreakMediaMicro/Fotolia; 635 (BR) Bettmann/Corbis, (TR) Photoshot; 638 (BR) Harvey Schwartz/PhotoLibrary Group, Inc.; 640 (B) ©DK Images; 641 (BL) Sovereign, ISM/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 642 JTB Photo Communications, Inc./ Aflo Foto Agency, (TR) Photoshot; 644 (T) SuperStock; 645 (BR) Lloyd Cluff/ Corbis; 646 (BL) A & C Wiley/Wales/PhotoLibrary Group, Inc., (TR) David Papazian/Corbis; 654 (C) David Nunuk/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 656 (BC) David Frazier/Photo Researchers, Inc., (TR) Photo Researchers, Inc., (CL) Reuters/Corbis; 657 (CR) Bojan Brecelj/Corbis, (BR) James King-Holmes/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc., (TC) Pat Lanza/ Photoshot, (TL) Hagi Nativ/PhotoStock-Israel, (BL) yuri19/Fotolia.; 658 Pete Turner/Getty Images; 660 (BL) Gary Kazanjan/©AP Images, (TR) Pete Turner/ Getty Images; 661 (TR) Martin & Marli Miller; 664 (R) Mark Burnett/Photo Researchers, Inc., (TR) Pete Turner/Getty Images; 665 (BR) Phillip Hayson/Photo Researchers, Inc., (T) pmphoto/Fotolia; 666 (TL, B) Breck P. Kent Natural History Photography, (CL) Roberto De Gugliemo/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 667 (L) Breck P. Kent Natural History Photography, (TR) Charles D. Winters/Photo Researchers, Inc., (TC) Marvin Dembinsky Photo Associates/Alamy Images; 668 (T) Colin Keates/DK Images; 669 ©Chip Clark/ Smithsonian Institution, (TL) Breck P. Kent Natural History Photography; 670 Tony Duffy/Getty Images, (TR) Pete Turner/Getty Images; 671 (TR) Simon Fraser/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 672 (BL) Breck P. Kent Natural History Photography, (TL) Galyna Andrushko/Fotolia; 673 (T) Francois Gohier/Photo Researchers, Inc., (B) Lynn McLaren/Photo Researchers, Inc.; 674 (B) ©Dirk Wiersma/Photo Researchers, Inc., (T) ©Doug Martin/Photo Researchers, Inc., (TC) Aaron Haupt/Photo Researchers, Inc., (BM) Breck P. Kent
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