comets, 10, 819, 820–821

communications technology, 622

compact discs (CDs), 519

compass, magnetic, 338, 632, 886

compass rose, 889

complementary colors

• of light, 552

• of pigments, 553

composite volcano, 693, 694

compost, 200

compound eyes, 576

compound machines, 435

compound microscope, 584

compounds, 40

• dispersion of, 230

• dissociation of, 229

• ionic, 161–164, 171–174

• ionization of, 230

• molecular, 168–169, 174–175, 230

• naming, 170–175

compression, 67, 69, 502

• of steel, 181

computers, 182–183, 622

• personal, 614–617

concave lenses, 576

concave mirrors, 572

concentration, 238

• chemical equilibria and, 219

• reaction rates and, 214

• of solutions, 238–239, 246–248

condensation, 85, 90, 217, 705

conducting electric current, 231, 605

conduction, 479–480, 605

• in troposphere, 755–756

conductivity, 46, 135, 136, 177

conductors, 46

• electrical, 605

• thermal, 480

cones, in eye, 589, 590

conferences, scientific, 25

conglomerate (sedimentary rock), 672

Connecting Concepts, 25, 51, 58, 74, 112, 145, 164, 169, 209, 219, 234, 245, 269, 274, 315, 362, 397, 420, 483, 503, 521, 549, 562, 578, 585, 622, 633, 639, 669, 683, 708, 712, 729, 759, 764, 771, 782, 819, 853, 859

conservation

• of charge, 602

• of energy, 209, 455, 457–458, 482

• of mass, 193–184, 310

• of mass and energy, 310, 459

• of momentum, 376–377

conserving energy resources, 466

constant acceleration, 345

constellations, 850, 902–903

constructive interference, 510, 511

continental air mass, 766

continental crust, 661, 663

continental drift, 677

continental glacier, 719

continental shelf, 726, 730

continental slope, 730

controlled experiment, 8–9

convection, 480–481

• in heating systems, 489

• in mantle, 679–680

• in sun, 835

• in troposphere, 755–756

convection cells, 758–759

convection currents, 481

convection zone, 835

convergent boundaries, 682

conversion factor, 18, 196–198

convex lenses, 576–577

convex mirrors, 573

coolant, 487

cooling systems, 490–492

• air conditioners, 492

• refrigerators, 88, 491

Copernicus, Nicolaus, 795

copper, 69, 137

• compounds of, 171, 202

• as electrical conductor, 605

• roofs, 57

core

• of Earth, 662, 663

• of sun, 834

coriolis effect, 759

cornea, 588, 589

corona, 835

cosmic microwave background

• radiation, 858

cosmic rays, 296

cotton, 38, 275, 278

coulomb (C), 601

Coulomb, Charles, 601

covalent bonds, 165, 166–168

• in carbon compounds, 262, 264, 265

• electron sharing in, 166, 167–168

• multiple, 167

• polar, 168

CPU, 614, 615

Crab Nebula, 847

crash-test dummies, 366

craters

• lunar, 801

• on Mercury, 809

• volcanic, 691

creep, 712

crescent moon, 803

crest of wave, 501

critical angle, 575

critical mass, 311

CRT (cathode-ray tube), 619

crude oil (petroleum), 267–268, 462

crust, of Earth, 661, 662

• abundance of elements in, 142, 143

• continental, 661, 663

• hot spot in, 693

• oceanic, 661, 663, 678

• stress in, 685

crystal lattices, 162–163, 164

crystal structure, 666, 671

• of network solid, 263

crystals, 162

cumulonimbus clouds, 762

cumulus clouds, 763

Curie, Marie, 292, 312

Curie, Pierre, 292, 312

current(s)

• alternating (AC), 604

• convection, 481, 680

• direct (DC), 604

• electric, 102, 604–607

• ocean, 726–728

cyclic hydrocarbons (ring alkanes), 264

cyclobutane, 265

cyclones, 769, 771