Physical Science - Page 952

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Skills and Reference Handbook > Index

spiral galaxies, 852

Spirit space probe, 798, 811, 812

spring tide, 805

Sputnik, 793, 810

stainless steel, 47, 180

stalactite, 717

stalagmite, 717

Standardized Test Prep, 31, 65, 97, 123, 155, 189, 225, 259, 289, 321, 353, 387, 409, 443, 471, 497, 529, 567, 597, 627, 653, 701, 743, 791, 829, 894

standing waves, 512

starches, 278

star associations, 851

star systems, 850, 850

star(s), 838–851

adult, 845
binary, 851
brightness of, 831, 841
charts, 902–903
clusters of, 851
death of, 846–848
distances to, 838–840
dwarf, 843
formation of, 844–845
giant, 843
Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R)
diagram of, 842–843
high-mass, 847–848
low-mass, 846–847
medium-mass, 846–847
main-sequence, 843, 845–848
parallax of, 839-840, 860–861
states of matter, 66–93
Bose-Einstein condensate, 70
gases, 70, 72–73
liquids, 69, 73
phase changes, 84–91
plasma, 70, 315, 832

solids, 69, 74

static discharge, 603

static electricity, 602–603

static friction, 359

stationary fronts, 768

steam heating, 489

steel, 47, 141, 178, 180–181

steel-framed structures, 178

stirring

rate of solution and, 234
reaction rates and, 214

storms, 769–771

hurricanes, 771, 772–773
on Jupiter, 816
on Neptune, 818
thunderstorms, 769–770
tornadoes, 770–771
tropical, 771

storm surge, 773

straight-chain hydrocarbons, 264

Strassman, Fritz, 309, 313

stratosphere, 750

stratus clouds, 762–763

streak plate, 666

streak, in minerals, 666

streams, 706, 713, 714–715

stress, geologic, 685

strong nuclear force, 308, 309, 379

strontium, 141

subatomic particles, 103, 305

comparing, 109
properties of, 108–109

subduction of oceanic plates, 679

sublimation, 85, 91, 708

submarines, 402–403

production of fresh water in, 50

submersibles, 731

substituted hydrocarbons, 272–274, 280

sucrose, 278

sugars, 165, 278, 282, 283

in nucleic acids, 279

sulfur, 110, 138, 143, 667

sulfur dioxide, 217, 269, 270

sulfuric acid, 143, 215, 269

Sumatra earthquake (2004), 684, 685

sun, 282, 452, 832–837

age of, 832-833
atmosphere of, 835–837
balanced forces in, 833
energy from, 463, 464, 832–833
features of, 836–837
interior of, 834–835
sunlight, 752–753, 755
photosynthesis and, 282

sunspots, 836–837

superalloys, 179

superclusters, 854, 855

superconductor, 607

supergiants (stars), 843, 844, 847

supernova, 847–848

superposition, law of, 733

supersaturated solutions, 236

surface area

rate of solution and, 234
reaction rates and, 213

surface currents, 726–727

surface waves, 503, 686, 687

suspension in fluids, 401–402

suspensions, 43

S waves (secondary waves), 686, 687

symbols for elements, 39, 40

synthesis reactions, 199, 200

system(s)

cooling, 490–492
defined, 482
heating, 489–490
star, 850

table salt. See salt, table.
Talbot, William Fox, 582
talc, 668
tape recorders, 518, 519
technology, 3
technology, science and society
- Concepts in Action, 12, 52, 82, 106, 146, 182, 210, 250, 268, 306, 338, 370, 398, 436, 460, 484, 522, 554, 586, 640, 694, 730, 772, 820, 854
- How It Works, 21, 49, 87, 111, 137, 163, 201, 233, 277, 314, 335, 366, 402, 434, 465, 488, 520, 560, 591, 620, 634, 688, 721, 756, 799, 849
- Issues in Science, 59, 281, 302, 513, 579, 608, 718, 806
- Science and History, 114, 178, 312, 374, 422, 518, 582, 680, 810
telescope(s), 580–581
- Hubble Space Telescope, 798
- reflecting, 581
- refracting, 581
television, 541, 619
- fiber optics and, 586
temperate zones, 753
temperature, 475
- absolute zero, 78, 475, 483
- chemical equilibria and, 218–219
- conversions, 20
- factors affecting, 779–780
- gas pressure and, 76, 78, 80
- kinetic energy and, 72, 76, 475
- of light colors, 539
- on Mars, 808
- measurement of, 20
- of oceans, 726
- phase changes and, 85, 92–93
- radiation rate and, 481
- rate of solution and, 234
- reaction rates and, 213
- scales, 20
- solubility and, 237
- of stars, 840
- thermal expansion and, 474
- weathering rate and, 711
terminal velocity, 361, 370–371
terrestrial planets, 807–813, 824
- Earth. See Earth
- Mars, 2, 808, 811
- Mercury, 808-809
- Venus, 808, 809
tevatron, 305
theory, scientific, 9
Theory of the Earth (Hutton), 680
thermal conductors, 480
thermal energy, 451, 473–481.
- See also heat.
- conduction of, 479–480
- convection of, 480–481
- flow of, 474, 482
- mass and, 475
- radiation, 481
- specific heat, 476–477, 493
- temperature and, 475
- work and, 474
thermal expansion, 476
thermal insulators, 480
thermodynamics, 482–485
- first law of, 482
- second law of, 482–483
third law of, 483
thermogram, 543
thermometers, 20, 21, 471, 474, 475
thermosphere, 750, 751
thermostat, 489
third-class levers, 428, 429
third law of thermodynamics, 483
Thompson, Benjamin (Count Rumford), 474, 482, 489
Thomson, William (Lord Kelvin), 832
Thomson, J. J., 102–103, 114
thorium-234, 294, 296
thrust, 398–399
thunder, 770
thunderstorms, 769–770
tides, 805
till, 721, 722
time, 5
tin
- in bronze, 179
- and glass making, 137
titanium, 36–37, 158
Titan (moon), 817
Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor, 315
tornadoes, 770–771
Torricelli, Evangelista, 748
total internal reflection, 578
tourmaline, 669
toxic elements, 148–149
trace elements, 146, 147, 149
tracers, radioactive, 306
transform boundaries, 682, 685
transformers, 644–645, 647
transistors, 3, 183, 621
transition metals, 136, 137, 172
translucent, 546, 547
transmutation, artificial, 303–307
- modeling, 304
transparent, 546
transpiration, 705, 706
transuranium elements, 304
transverse waves, 501, 505, 507
tree rings, 781
trench, oceanic, 679
tributaries, 706
triple bond, 167, 266
tritium (hydrogen-3), 112, 315
tropical air mass, 766
tropical storms, 771
tropic zone, 753
troposphere, 749, 750, 756
trough of wave, 501
tungsten, 176, 558, 562
tungsten-halogen light, 562
turbine(s), 271, 646

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