• facts, 6, 8

• Fahrenheit scale, 20

• falling objects, 361

• Faraday's law, 643

• farsightedness, 592

• fats, 282, 283

• fault, geologic, 685

• Fermi, Enrico, 313

• ferromagnetic material, 632

• fertilizers, 143

• fiber optics, 578, 586–587

• filament, 145, 176, 558, 562

• film badges, 297

• filters

  • color, 531

  • particle, 271

  • polarizing, 548

• filtration, 43, 50

  • of coal and ash, 271

  • of water, 52–53

• firefighting, 210–211

• fireplaces, 489

• fireworks, 32–33, 113

• first-class lever, 428

• first law of thermodynamics, 482

• fission, 309–314, 459

  • chain reactions, 311

  • mass-to-energy conversion, 310

  • nuclear energy from, 312–313

• fixed pulleys, 432

• flame tests, 119

• flammability, 54–55

• floating, 403–404

• flood plains, 716

• floor, ocean, 726

• fluid friction, 360, 426

• fluid pressure, 390–399

  • air pressure, 392–393, 748, 757

  • forces and, 394–397

  • transmitting pressure, 394–395

• fluids, 391

• fluorescence, 559

• fluorescent light, 559

• fluorine, 136, 144

  • compounds of, 53, 136

  • molecules of, 166

• fluorite, 669

• focal point, 572

• focus, of earthquake, 686

• fog, 44, 761, 762

• folds, 685

• foliated rocks, 674

• fool's gold (pyrite), 666, 667

• force(s), 5, 356–362

  • acceleration and, 365–368

  • action and reaction, 373

  • in airplane motion, 398–399

  • balanced, 358

  • centripetal, 381

  • combining, 357–358

  • drag, 370, 398–399

  • electric, 379, 601

  • electromagnetic, 378–379, 635

  • fluid pressure and, 394–397

  • friction. See friction.

  • of gravity. See gravity.

  • input, 419

  • magnetic, 379, 631

  • measuring, 357

  • net, 357

  • nuclear, 308–309, 379–380

  • output, 420

  • pressure and, 75

  • representation of, 357

  • on roller coasters, 461

  • in the sun, 833

  • unbalanced, 358

  • units of, 75, 357

  • universal, 378–382

  • weight and, 368–369

• forced-air heating, 490

• Ford, Henry, 178, 423

• forensic chemists, 60

• forensic science, 12–13, 48

• formic (methanoic) acid, 273

• formulas

  • for ionic compounds, 173

  • molecular, 175

  • parentheses in, 172

• fossil fuels, 267–271, 462, 466

  • acid rain and, 269

  • combustion of, 268–269

  • conservation of, 281

  • reducing pollution from, 270–271

  • types of, 266–267

• fossils, 732

  • index, 733

  • climate change and, 781

• fractional distillation, 268

• fracture of minerals, 668

• frame of reference, 328. See also reference frame.

• free fall, 343, 361

• freezing, 85, 86, 87, 88

• freezing point, 85

  • solutions and, 231

• freezing rain, 764

• frequency modulation (FM), 541

• frequency, of waves, 504, 506

  • electromagnetic, 535

  • period and, 504

  • sound, 515

• friction, 359–360

  • energy conversion and, 455

  • fluid, 360, 426

  • heat produced by, 474

  • mechanical advantage and, 422–423, 424

  • mechanical efficiency and, 425

  • rolling, 360

  • static, 359

  • sliding, 359

• Frisch, Otto, 309

• fronts, 765, 767–768

• frost, 91, 761

• frost wedging, 710

• fuel cells, 249

• fulcrum, 428

• full moon, 803

• Fulton, Robert, 422

• functional groups, 272–274

• fuse, 612

• fusion, 315, 459, 829

• Gagarin, Yuri, 797, 810

• galaxies, 452, 852–853

• galena, 667

• Galilei, Galileo, 363, 748, 795, 837

• Galileo space probe, 811

• gallium, 129

• galvanometers, 638

• gamma decay, 293, 294–296

• gamma particles, 294–296

• gamma rays, 294, 297, 307, 540, 543, 545

• gas(es), 70, 135

  • behavior of, 72–73, 75–83

  • as indicator of chemical

  • change, 57

  • kinetic theory and, 72, 73, 479

  • natural, 266, 267, 462

  • noble (Group 8A), 145, 158, 167

  • radon, 296

  • thermal conduction in, 479

• gas giants, 815, 824

  • Jupiter, 815-816

  • Neptune, 796, 814, 815, 818

  • Saturn, 815, 816-817

  • Uranus, 796, 814, 815, 817

• gas laser, 560–561

• gas law(s), 75–83

  • Boyle's law, 78, 79, 80

  • Charles's law, 78, 80

  • combined, 80–81

• gas pressure, 76

  • factors affecting, 76–77

• gas welding, 178

• gasoline, 267, 273

• gears

  • bicycle, 436–437

  • in nanotechnology, 106

• Geiger counters, 297

• gemstones, 575

  • synthetic ruby, 163

• general relativity, theory of, 849

• generators, electric, 643–644, 648–649

  • AC generators, 643–644

  • DC generators, 644

  • energy sources for, 646

• geocentric model of solar

  • system, 795

• geologic time scale, 734

• geologists, 660, 661

• geology, 4, 660–661

  • milestones in, 680–681

• geothermal energy, 464

• germanium, 129, 136, 142

• giants (stars), 843, 844, 846

• gibbous moon, 803

• glacial deposition, 721–722

• glacial erosion, 720–721

• glaciers, 706, 708, 719–722

  • continental, 719

  • global warming and, 785

  • valley, 719

• glare, 549

• glass, 569

  • manufacturing, 137

  • shatterproof, 142

• global positioning system (GPS), 340–341, 681

• global warming, 784–786

• global winds, 758–759, 780

• globular clusters, of stars, 851

• globes, 884, 885, 886, 888

• Glossopteris fossils, 677

• glucose, tagged, 306

• glycine, 280

• gneiss, 674

• gold, 39, 179

  • alloys of, 178

  • jewelry, 46, 178

  • melting and boiling points, 47

  • reactivity, 135

  • symbol for, 40

• Goldberg, Rube, 427

• gold foil experiment, 104

• Gondwana, 677

• Go Online, 894

  • NSTA SciLinks

  • (at www.SciLinks.org), 5, 23, 42, 55, 77, 88, 104, 109, 116, 128, 131, 159, 167, 174, 193, 200, 205, 213, 217, 232, 242, 247, 266, 276, 300, 310, 329, 333, 345, 358, 368, 373, 381, 391, 396, 403, 413, 418, 422, 429, 449, 455, 477, 482, 501, 507, 510, 533, 551, 572, 605, 611, 638, 644, 662, 710, 721, 757, 761, 796, 810, 835

  • PlanetDiary

  • (at PHSchool.com) 15, 294, 747, 771, 781

  • Science News articles (at PHSchool.com), 9, 50, 73, 140, 180, 198, 283, 464, 490, 517, 561, 581, 706, 715, 735, 776, 817

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